Abstract
The aim of this paper is to analyze a key moment in the institutional context of the development of micro-credit in poor countries, when private bank loans "take over”. In this purpose, we propose to establish connections between institutional systems managing micro-credit and their impacts in the risk analysis. In this purpose, we will observe that in Madagascar, the development of this institution-risk connection enables to explain how and when the increase of local liquidity associated to institutional risk containment authorizes the return of banks. Our approach should enable to successively clarify the reasonsand procedures of the development of private organizations in the field of microfinance.