Résumé
The center Z(C) of an autonomous category C is monadic over C (if certain coends exist in C). The notion of Hopf monad naturally arises if one tries to reconstruct the structure of Z(C) in terms of its monad Z: we show that Z is a quasitriangular Hopf monad on C and Z(C) is isomorphic to the braided category Z-C of Z-modules. More generally, let T be a Hopf monad on an autonomous category C. We construct a Hopf monad Z_(T) on C, the centralizer of T, and a canonical distributive law of T over Z_(T). By Beck's theory, this has two consequences. On one hand, D_(T)=Z_(T) T is a quasitriangular Hopf monad on C, called the double of T, and Z(T-C)= D_(T)-C as braided categories. As an illustration, we define the double D(A) of a Hopf algebra A in a braided autonomous category in such a way that the center of the category of A-modules is the braided category of D(A)-modules (generalizing the Drinfeld double). On the other hand, the canonical distributive law also lifts Z_(T) to a Hopf monad on T-C which gives the coend of T-C. Hence, for T=Z, an explicit description of the Hopf algebra structure of the coend of Z(C) in terms of the structural morphisms of C, which is useful in quantum topology.