Abstract
Plant-plant communication is influenced by a variety of biotic and abiotic factors that shape how plants perceive and respond to their environment. Key determinants include chemical signals such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and root exudates, physical interactions like shading or root competition, and genetic factors that govern signal production and perception. Environmental conditions, including soil composition, water availability, and microbial communities, also modulate these interactions. Understanding these determinants is crucial for optimizing plant associations in agriculture and enhancing crop resilience to stress.