Abstract
How can we understand struggles for equality within organizations mobilized to defend immigrants and Muslims? After more than half a century of "postcolonial" immigration, and the problematic association between immigrants, Muslims and temptations towards "separatism" or "communitarianism", these mobilizations can take many different paths. They can, on the one hand, be part of strategies of conformation to the republican model of citizenship, or be defined in rupture with it; they can, on the other hand, be carried out on the basis of classic repertoires of action of industrial societies, or on the basis of counter-expertise. The intersection of these two variables makes it possible to draw a space for these "mobilizations for equality", based on several empirical cases.