XND1-centered network regulates salt tolerance by integrating root xylem plasticity and Na + unloading in Arabidopsis

Although xylem is the primary conduit for long-distance transport in plants, its potential role in regulating ion homeostasis and salt tolerance has remained largely unexplored.

Here, we demonstrate that the transcription factor XND1 (Xylem NAC Domain 1) regulates salt tolerance through actions on xylem structure and function, thereby highlighting the unrecognized importance of xylem in salt stress response. In particular, our findings reveal an XND1-centered network that orchestrates the salt stress response by integrating root xylem developmental plasticity and sodium unloading. These findings establish a previously unrecognized genetic link between these two processes and provide insights for developing salt-tolerant crops.