Résumé
President Lula da Silva government still gave resources priority to agribusiness despite the important increase of funding destined to family and peasant agriculture. How to explain what it seems as a contradiction and, over all, to which kind of debates inside the federal government answer these positions? The article analyzes the tensions, advances and impasses of the first government Lula in terms of family agriculture and rural development policies, based on the application of its mains instruments: the National Support Program for Family Agriculture and the Program for Sustainable Development os Rural Territories.