Abstract
Vulnerability is a concept increasingly mobilized for understanding the emergence of situations of risk regardless of their nature (Beck, Glatron, 2009; Bogardi, 2004, D'Ercole, 1991; D'Ercole et al., 1994; Fabiani, Theys 1987; Fabiani, 2010, Leone 2007, Leone, Vinet, 2007, Pierrat, 2011). The use of vulnerability for the knowledge of conditions for the emergence risk of vector-borne diseases (VBD) opens a way for systemic and multidisciplinary analysis of risk that exceeds the knowledge of traditional social criteria such as age, gender, social class or level of income taken into account in epidemiological studies. If since the beginning of the nineteenth century, the anglo-aaxon work on the risks of VBD (Cohen, 2000; Daszack et al., 2000 and 2001; Hong, Lee, 2005; Midley, Thuiller, 2005, Plowright et al., 2008 ) take into account the vulnerability assessment, however the France lags behind the Haut Conseil de la santé publique wishes to catch up (Leport and Guégan, 2011). The study of territorial vulnerability of French Guiana to VBD opens new possibilities of action for the management of health risks.