Résumé
The study describes the first application of photocatalytic membranes for virus removal and inactivation. In the proposed hybrid treatment process, a UV lamp and a microfiltration membrane are positioned in foci of two parabolic reflectors facing each other and UV light is focused on a photocatalyst-coated outer surface of the microfilter. The ceramic tubular membrane (nominal pore size of 0.8 mu m) is operated in an inside-out geometry. To evaluate virus removal and inactivation efficiency of the hybrid photocatalytic microfiltration-UV process, bacteriophage P22 is used as a model virus. The kinetics of P22 inactivation by direct UV is found to fit Collins-Selleck model with the coefficient of specific lethality Lambda(CS) = 1.972. Batch UV disinfection and crossflow filtration tests with membranes coated or uncoated with a layer of photocatalyst show that the hybrid photocatalytic microfiltration-UV process is considerably more effective in inactivating the virus (LRV = 5.0 +/- 0.7) than the constituent processes - UV disinfection and microfiltration - applied in series (aggregate LRV = 2.0 +/- 0.5) or together but without the photocatalytic coating on the membrane (LRV = 2.4 +/- 0.2). Potential applications of the proposed treatment process include disinfection of turbid, high fouling potential and high flow rate streams. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.