Updates on the Clinical Epidemiology of HIV-1 Group O Strains in Cameroon and Potential Implications on Diagnosis and Treatment Strategies

Joseph Fokam; Collins Ambe Chenwi; Désiré Augustin Takou Komego; Odile Estelle Grâce Beloumou Angong; Sandrine Claire Djupsa Njdeyep; Ezechiel Ngoufack Jagni Semengue; Alex Durand Nka; Aude Christelle Ka'e; Vincent Kamaël Mekel; Aurelie Minelle Kengni Ngueko; Naomi-Karell Etame; Rachel Audrey Nayang Mundo; Samuel Martin Sosso; Rachel Kamgaing; Nadine Nguendjoung Fainguem; Derrick Tambe Ayuk Ngwese; Charles Fokunang; Michel Carlos Tchouaket Tommo; Joelle Bouba Pamen; Alice Ketchaji; Lydie Mvondo; Serge Clotaire Billong; Edith Saounde Temgoua; Jean de Dieu Anoubissi; Roger Onana; Pierrette Omgba; Georges Alain Etoundi Balla; Nadia Mandeng; Hadja Hamsatou; Anne-Esther Njom-Nlend; Anne-Cecile Z.-K. Bissek; Yagai Bouba; Aubin Joseph Nanfack; Celine Nguefeu Nkenfou; Judith N. Torimiro; Emmanuel Eben Moussi; Maria Mercedes Santoro; Francesca Cecchereni-Silberstein; Giulia Cappelli; Charles Kouanfack; Isidore Oscar Bienvenu Etogo Ondigui; Elvis Temfack; Nicaise Ndembi; Vittorio Colizzi; Carlo-Federico Perno; Rogers Awoh Ajeh; Alexis Ndjolo; Malachie Manaouda

doi:10.1016/j.jmoldx.2025.10.008

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Updates on the Clinical Epidemiology of HIV-1 Group O Strains in Cameroon and Potential Implications on Diagnosis and Treatment Strategies

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Updates on the Clinical Epidemiology of HIV-1 Group O Strains in Cameroon and Potential Implications on Diagnosis and Treatment Strategies

Joseph Fokam, Collins Ambe Chenwi, Désiré Augustin Takou Komego, Odile Estelle Grâce Beloumou Angong, Sandrine Claire Djupsa Njdeyep, Ezechiel Ngoufack Jagni Semengue, Alex Durand Nka, Aude Christelle Ka'e, Vincent Kamaël Mekel, Aurelie Minelle Kengni Ngueko, …

The Journal of molecular diagnostics : JMD

19/11/2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoldx.2025.10.008

PMID: 41265787

Résumé

Cameroon is an epicenter of diverse HIV-1 strains, with diagnostic and management challenges. The objective herein was to update HIV-1 non-M prevalence and compare diagnostic performance of two- versus three-test algorithms. A facility-based study was conducted in February 2024 on 2207 HIV-1 clinical samples at the Chantal Biya International Reference Centre (Yaoundé, Cameroon). HIV-1 non-M were identified by molecular phylogeny. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) used in the two-test (Determine and KHB colloidal gold) versus three-test (First Response, One Step, and KHB) algorithms were evaluated on non-M, with ACRO (HIV1/2 and p24) as independent RDT. No group N (0%) nor P (0%) was found, whereas nine group O were identified (0.4%; 95% CI, 0.2%–0.8%). For individuals harboring group O (mean age, 43 ± 12 years; 50% female), median (IQR): duration since HIV diagnosis was 627 (423 to 775) weeks; viremia, 12,385 (5340 to 72,682) copies/mL; and CD4 count, 52 (39 to 228) cells/mm3. One Step, KHB, and ACRO detected eight of eight group O (100%); First Response HIV1-2.0, seven of eight (87.5%); and Determine HIV1/2, six of eight (75%), P = 1.00. In this Cameroonian setting, HIV-1 group N and P are scarce, whereas group O remains low (<1%). Transitioning from the two-test (75% performance) to the three-test algorithm (87.5% performance) could lead to improved diagnostic performance on currently circulating HIV-1 group O, calling for updates in RDTs to adapt to viral dynamics.

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Titre: Updates on the Clinical Epidemiology of HIV-1 Group O Strains in Cameroon and Potential Implications on Diagnosis and Treatment Strategies
Créateurs - sans rôle: Joseph Fokam - Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Collins Ambe Chenwi - Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Désiré Augustin Takou Komego - Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Odile Estelle Grâce Beloumou Angong - Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Sandrine Claire Djupsa Njdeyep - Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Ezechiel Ngoufack Jagni Semengue - Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Alex Durand Nka - Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Aude Christelle Ka'e - Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Vincent Kamaël Mekel - Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Aurelie Minelle Kengni Ngueko - Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Naomi-Karell Etame - Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Rachel Audrey Nayang Mundo - Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Samuel Martin Sosso - Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Rachel Kamgaing - Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Nadine Nguendjoung Fainguem - Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Derrick Tambe Ayuk Ngwese - Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Charles Fokunang - Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Michel Carlos Tchouaket Tommo - Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Joelle Bouba Pamen - Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Alice Ketchaji - Department of Disease, Epidemics and Pandemic Control, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Lydie Mvondo - Department of Disease, Epidemics and Pandemic Control, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Serge Clotaire Billong - Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Edith Saounde Temgoua - Central Technical Group, National AIDS Control Committee, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Jean de Dieu Anoubissi - Central Technical Group, National AIDS Control Committee, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Roger Onana - Central Technical Group, National AIDS Control Committee, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Pierrette Omgba - Central Technical Group, National AIDS Control Committee, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Georges Alain Etoundi Balla - Department of Disease, Epidemics and Pandemic Control, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Nadia Mandeng - Department of Disease, Epidemics and Pandemic Control, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Hadja Hamsatou - National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Anne-Esther Njom-Nlend - Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
Anne-Cecile Z.-K. Bissek - Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Yagai Bouba - Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Aubin Joseph Nanfack - Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Celine Nguefeu Nkenfou - Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Judith N. Torimiro - Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Emmanuel Eben Moussi - Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Maria Mercedes Santoro - Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
Francesca Cecchereni-Silberstein - Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
Giulia Cappelli - Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Charles Kouanfack - National HIV Drug Resistance Working Group, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Isidore Oscar Bienvenu Etogo Ondigui - World Health Organization, Country Office, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Elvis Temfack - Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Nicaise Ndembi - Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Vittorio Colizzi - Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Carlo-Federico Perno - Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Rogers Awoh Ajeh - Central Technical Group, National AIDS Control Committee, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Alexis Ndjolo - Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Malachie Manaouda - Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Détails de publication: The Journal of molecular diagnostics : JMD
Éditeur: Elsevier Inc
Note de subvention: World Health Organization (https://doi.org/10.13039/100004423)
Identifiants: 99158574109311
Unité académique: Recherches translationnelles sur le VIH et les Maladies Infect. Endém. émerg. - TransVIHMI
Langue: English
Type de ressource: Journal article