Résumé
The convergence of foundational biotechnologies and computational sciences has transformed microbial expression systems in biomedical genetic engineering. Synthetic biology enables precise genetic modifications, while genome editing tools like CRISPR-Cas9 facilitate targeted manipulations with increasing accuracy. Next-generation sequencing and omics technologies provide comprehensive blueprints for optimizing host pathways. Integration with artificial intelligence improves guide RNA design and predictive modeling, enhancing the specificity and efficiency of genome editing. Systems biology and metabolic modeling support rational strain engineering, ensuring robust performance in production environments. Despite these advances, challenges such as off-target effects, metabolic burden, and scale-up limitations remain. This review highlights the synergistic potential of these technologies and proposes strategies to overcome current barriers, advancing the design of microbial systems for therapeutic production.