The starburst galaxy NGC 253 revisited by H.E.S.S. and Fermi-LAT

H. Abdalla; F. Aharonian; F. Ait Benkhali; E.O. Angüner; M. Arakawa; C. Arcaro; C. Armand; M. Arrieta; M. Backes; M. Barnard; Y. Becherini; J. Becker Tjus; D. Berge; S. Bernhard; K. Bernlöhr; R. Blackwell; M. Böttcher; C. Boisson; J. Bolmont; S. Bonnefoy; P. Bordas; J. Bregeon; F. Brun; P. Brun; M. Bryan; M. Büchele; T. Bulik; T. Bylund; M. Capasso; S. Caroff; A. Carosi; S. Casanova; M. Cerruti; N. Chakraborty; S. Chandra; R.C.G. Chaves; A. Chen; S. Colafrancesco; B. Condon; I.D. Davids; C. Deil; J. Devin; P. Dewilt; L. Dirson; A. Djannati-Ataï; A. Dmytriiev; A. Donath; L.O'C. Drury; J. Dyks; K. Egberts; G. Emery; J.-P. Ernenwein; S. Eschbach; S. Fegan; A. Fiasson; G. Fontaine; S. Funk; M. Füssling; S. Gabici; Y.A. Gallant; T. Garrigoux; F. Gaté; G. Giavitto; D. Glawion; J.F. Glicenstein; D. Gottschall; M.-H. Grondin; J. Hahn; M. Haupt; G. Heinzelmann; G. Henri; G. Hermann; J.A. Hinton; W. Hofmann; C. Hoischen; T.L. Holch; M. Holler; D. Horns; D. Huber; H. Iwasaki; A. Jacholkowska; M. Jamrozy; D. Jankowsky; F. Jankowsky; L. Jouvin; I. Jung-Richardt; M.A. Kastendieck; K. Katarzyński; M. Katsuragawa; U. Katz; D. Kerszberg; D. Khangulyan; B. Khélifi; J. King; S. Klepser; W. Kluźniak; Nu. Komin; K. Kosack; S. Krakau; M. Kraus; P.P. Krüger; G. Lamanna; J. Lau; J. Lefaucheur; A. Lemière; M. Lemoine-Goumard; J.-P. Lenain; E. Leser; T. Lohse; M. Lorentz; R. López-Coto; I. Lypova; D. Malyshev; V. Marandon; Alexandre Marcowith; C. Mariaud; G. Martí-Devesa; R. Marx; G. Maurin; P.J. Meintjes; A.M.W. Mitchell; R. Moderski; M. Mohamed; L. Mohrmann; E. Moulin; T. Murach; S. Nakashima; M. de Naurois; H. Ndiyavala; F. Niederwanger; J. Niemiec; L. Oakes; P. O'Brien; H. Odaka; S. Ohm; M. Ostrowski; I. Oya; M. Padovani; M. Panter; R.D. Parsons; C. Perennes; P.-O. Petrucci; B. Peyaud; Q. Piel; S. Pita; V. Poireau; A. Priyana Noel; D.A. Prokhorov; H. Prokoph; G. Pühlhofer; M. Punch; A. Quirrenbach; S. Raab; R. Rauth; A. Reimer; O. Reimer; Matthieu Renaud; F. Rieger; L. Rinchiuso; C. Romoli; G. Rowell; B. Rudak; E. Ruiz-Velasco; V. Sahakian; S. Saito; D.A. Sanchez; A. Santangelo; M. Sasaki; R. Schlickeiser; F. Schüssler; A. Schulz; U. Schwanke; S. Schwemmer; M. Seglar-Arroyo; M. Senniappan; A.S. Seyffert; N. Shafi; I. Shilon; K. Shiningayamwe; R. Simoni; A. Sinha; H. Sol; F. Spanier; A. Specovius; M. Spir-Jacob; R. Steenkamp; C. Stegmann; C. Steppa; I. Sushch; T. Takahashi; J.-P. Tavernet; T. Tavernier; A.M. Taylor; R. Terrier; L. Tibaldo; D. Tiziani; M. Tluczykont; C. Trichard; M. Tsirou; N. Tsuji; R. Tuffs; Y. Uchiyama; D.J. van Der Walt; C. van Eldik; C. van Rensburg; B. van Soelen; George Vasileiadis; J. Veh; C. Venter; A. Viana; P. Vincent; J. Vink; F. Voisin; H.J. Völk; T. Vuillaume; Z. Wadiasingh; S.J. Wagner; P. Wagner; R.M. Wagner; R. White; A. Wierzcholska; A. Wörnlein; R. Yang; D. Zaborov; M. Zacharias; R. Zanin; A.A. Zdziarski; A. Zech; F. Zefi; A. Ziegler; J. Zorn; N. Żywucka

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833202

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The starburst galaxy NGC 253 revisited by H.E.S.S. and Fermi-LAT

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The starburst galaxy NGC 253 revisited by H.E.S.S. and Fermi-LAT

H. Abdalla, F. Aharonian, F. Ait Benkhali, E.O. Angüner, M. Arakawa, C. Arcaro, C. Armand, M. Arrieta, M. Backes, M. Barnard, …

Astronomy & Astrophysics - A&A, Vol.617

2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833202

Abstract

astroparticle physics

galaxies: starburst

gamma rays: galaxies

cosmic radiation: interaction

gamma ray: VHE

gamma ray: energy spectrum

HESS

nucleus

galaxy

energy spectrum

power spectrum

accelerator

star

burst

calibration

calorimeter

GLAST

flux

gas

Context. NGC 253 is one of only two starburst galaxies found to emit γ-rays from hundreds of MeV to multi-TeV energies. Accurate measurements of the very-high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) and high-energy (HE; E > 60 MeV) spectra are crucial to study the underlying particle accelerators, probe the dominant emission mechanism(s) and to study cosmic-ray interaction and transport.Aims. The measurement of the VHE γ-ray emission of NGC 253 published in 2012 by H.E.S.S. was limited by large systematic uncertainties. Here, the most up to date measurement of the γ-ray spectrum of NGC 253 is investigated in both HE and VHE γ-rays. Assuming a hadronic origin of the γ-ray emission, the measurement uncertainties are propagated into the interpretation of the accelerated particle population.Methods. The data of H.E.S.S. observations are reanalysed using an updated calibration and analysis chain. The improved Fermi–LAT analysis employs more than 8 yr of data processed using pass 8. The cosmic-ray particle population is evaluated from the combined HE–VHE γ-ray spectrum using NAIMA in the optically thin case.Results. The VHE γ-ray energy spectrum is best fit by a power-law distribution with a flux normalisation of (1.34 ± 0.14stat ± 0.27sys) × 10−13 cm−2 s−1 TeV1 at 1 TeV – about 40% above, but compatible with the value obtained in Abramowski et al. (2012). The spectral index Γ = 2.39 ± 0.14stat ± 0.25sys is slightly softer than but consistent with the previous measurement within systematic errors. In the Fermi energy range an integral flux of F(E > 60 MeV) = (1.56 ± 0.28stat ± 0.15sys) × 10−8 cm−2 s−1 is obtained. At energies above ∼3 GeV the HE spectrum is consistent with a power-law ranging into the VHE part of the spectrum measured by H.E.S.S. with an overall spectral index Γ = 2.22 ± 0.06stat.Conclusions. Two scenarios for the starburst nucleus are tested, in which the gas in the starburst nucleus acts as either a thin or a thick target for hadronic cosmic rays accelerated by the individual sources in the nucleus. In these two models, the level to which NGC 253 acts as a calorimeter is estimated to a range of fcal = 0.1 to 1 while accounting for the measurement uncertainties. The presented spectrum is likely to remain the most accurate measurements until the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) has collected a substantial set of data towards NGC 253.Key words: astroparticle physics / galaxies: starburst / gamma rays: galaxies⋆ Funded by EU FP7 Marie Curie, grant agreement No. PIEF-GA-2012-332350.⋆⋆ Corresponding authors: H.E.S.S. Collaboration, e-mail: contact.hess@hess-experiment.eu† Deceased.

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Title: The starburst galaxy NGC 253 revisited by H.E.S.S. and Fermi-LAT
Creators - without role: H. Abdalla - North-West University
F. Aharonian - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
F. Ait Benkhali
E.O. Angüner - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
M. Arakawa - Rikkyo University
C. Arcaro - North-West University
C. Armand - Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules
M. Arrieta - Université Paris Cité
M. Backes - North-West University
M. Barnard - North-West University
Y. Becherini - Linnaeus University
J. Becker Tjus
D. Berge
S. Bernhard - Universität Innsbruck
K. Bernlöhr - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
R. Blackwell - University of Adelaide
M. Böttcher - North-West University
C. Boisson - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
J. Bolmont - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies
S. Bonnefoy
P. Bordas - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
J. Bregeon - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
F. Brun - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
P. Brun - Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives
M. Bryan - University of Amsterdam
M. Büchele - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
T. Bulik - University of Warsaw
T. Bylund - Linnaeus University
M. Capasso - University of Tübingen
S. Caroff - École Polytechnique
A. Carosi - Université Grenoble Alpes
S. Casanova - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
M. Cerruti - Sorbonne Paris Cité
N. Chakraborty - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
S. Chandra - North-West University
R.C.G. Chaves - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
A. Chen - University of the Witwatersrand
S. Colafrancesco - University of the Witwatersrand
B. Condon - Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
I.D. Davids - University of Namibia
C. Deil - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
J. Devin - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
P. Dewilt - University of Adelaide
L. Dirson - Universität Hamburg
A. Djannati-Ataï - AstroParticule et Cosmologie
A. Dmytriiev - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
A. Donath - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
L.O'C. Drury
J. Dyks - Polish Academy of Sciences
K. Egberts - University of Potsdam
G. Emery - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies
J.-P. Ernenwein - Aix-Marseille Université
S. Eschbach - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
S. Fegan - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
A. Fiasson - Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules
G. Fontaine - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
S. Funk - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
M. Füssling
S. Gabici - Université Paris Cité
Y.A. Gallant - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
T. Garrigoux - North-West University
F. Gaté - Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules
G. Giavitto
D. Glawion - Heidelberg University
J.F. Glicenstein - CEA Paris-Saclay
D. Gottschall - University of Tübingen
M.-H. Grondin - Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
J. Hahn - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
M. Haupt
G. Heinzelmann - Universität Hamburg
G. Henri - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
G. Hermann - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
J.A. Hinton - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
W. Hofmann - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
C. Hoischen - University of Potsdam
T.L. Holch - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
M. Holler - Universität Innsbruck
D. Horns - Universität Hamburg
D. Huber - Universität Innsbruck
H. Iwasaki - Rikkyo University
A. Jacholkowska - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies
M. Jamrozy - Jagiellonian University
D. Jankowsky - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
F. Jankowsky - Heidelberg University
L. Jouvin - Sorbonne Paris Cité
I. Jung-Richardt - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
M.A. Kastendieck - Universität Hamburg
K. Katarzyński
M. Katsuragawa - Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
U. Katz - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
D. Kerszberg - Sorbonne Paris Cité
D. Khangulyan - Rikkyo University
B. Khélifi - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
J. King - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
S. Klepser
W. Kluźniak
Nu. Komin - University of the Witwatersrand
K. Kosack - CEA Paris-Saclay
S. Krakau - Ruhr University Bochum
M. Kraus - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
P.P. Krüger - North-West University
G. Lamanna - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
J. Lau - University of Adelaide
J. Lefaucheur - CEA Paris-Saclay
A. Lemière - Délégation Paris 7
M. Lemoine-Goumard - Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux
J.-P. Lenain - Université Paris Cité
E. Leser - University of Potsdam
T. Lohse - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
M. Lorentz - CEA Paris-Saclay
R. López-Coto - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
I. Lypova
D. Malyshev - University of Tübingen
V. Marandon - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
Alexandre Marcowith - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
C. Mariaud - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
G. Martí-Devesa - Universität Innsbruck
R. Marx - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
G. Maurin - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
P.J. Meintjes - University of the Free State
A.M.W. Mitchell - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
R. Moderski - Polish Academy of Sciences
M. Mohamed - Heidelberg University
L. Mohrmann - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
E. Moulin - Université Paris-Saclay
T. Murach
S. Nakashima - Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
M. de Naurois - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
H. Ndiyavala - North-West University
F. Niederwanger - Universität Innsbruck
J. Niemiec - Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences
L. Oakes - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
P. O'Brien
H. Odaka - Institute of Space and Astronautical Science
S. Ohm
M. Ostrowski - Jagiellonian University
I. Oya
M. Padovani - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
M. Panter - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
R.D. Parsons - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
C. Perennes - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies
P.-O. Petrucci - Université Grenoble Alpes
B. Peyaud - Université Paris-Saclay
Q. Piel - Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules
S. Pita - Sorbonne Paris Cité
V. Poireau - Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules
A. Priyana Noel
D.A. Prokhorov
H. Prokoph
G. Pühlhofer - University of Tübingen
M. Punch - Délégation Paris 7
A. Quirrenbach - Heidelberg University
S. Raab - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
R. Rauth - Universität Innsbruck
A. Reimer - Universität Innsbruck
O. Reimer - Universität Innsbruck
Matthieu Renaud - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
F. Rieger - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
L. Rinchiuso - Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives
C. Romoli - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
G. Rowell - University of Adelaide
B. Rudak - Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center
E. Ruiz-Velasco - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
V. Sahakian - A. Alikhanyan National Laboratory
S. Saito - Rikkyo University
D.A. Sanchez - Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules
A. Santangelo - University of Tübingen
M. Sasaki - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
R. Schlickeiser - Ruhr University Bochum
F. Schüssler - Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
A. Schulz
U. Schwanke - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
S. Schwemmer - Heidelberg University
M. Seglar-Arroyo - Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
M. Senniappan - Linnaeus University
A.S. Seyffert - North-West University
N. Shafi - University of the Witwatersrand
I. Shilon - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
K. Shiningayamwe - University of Namibia
R. Simoni - University of Amsterdam
A. Sinha - Délégation Paris 7
H. Sol - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
F. Spanier - North-West University
A. Specovius - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
M. Spir-Jacob - Délégation Paris 7
R. Steenkamp - University of Namibia
C. Stegmann - University of Potsdam
C. Steppa - University of Potsdam
I. Sushch - North-West University
T. Takahashi - Institute of Space and Astronautical Science
J.-P. Tavernet - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
T. Tavernier - Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
A.M. Taylor
R. Terrier - Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives
L. Tibaldo - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
D. Tiziani - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
M. Tluczykont - Universität Hamburg
C. Trichard - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
M. Tsirou - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
N. Tsuji - Rikkyo University
R. Tuffs - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
Y. Uchiyama - Rikkyo University
D.J. van Der Walt - North-West University
C. van Eldik - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
C. van Rensburg - North-West University
B. van Soelen - University of the Free State
George Vasileiadis - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
J. Veh - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
C. Venter - North-West University
A. Viana - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
P. Vincent - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
J. Vink - University of Amsterdam
F. Voisin - University of Adelaide
H.J. Völk - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
T. Vuillaume - Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules
Z. Wadiasingh - North-West University
S.J. Wagner - Heidelberg University
P. Wagner - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
R.M. Wagner - Stockholm University
R. White - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
A. Wierzcholska - Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences
A. Wörnlein - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
R. Yang - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
D. Zaborov - École Polytechnique
M. Zacharias - North-West University
R. Zanin - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
A.A. Zdziarski - Polish Academy of Sciences
A. Zech - Université Paris Cité
F. Zefi - École Polytechnique
A. Ziegler - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
J. Zorn - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
N. Żywucka - Jagiellonian University
Publication Details: Astronomy & Astrophysics - A&A, Vol.617
Identifiers: 9942003709311
Academic Unit: Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article
Local Fields: hal-01833680