Résumé
Numerous articles or theses claiming to be qualitative research justify their approach by indicating only the mode of data collection. Methods of analysis and their operations are often less detailed. Students, often with insufficient background knowledge, are increasingly interested in qualitative research and yet analyses may be considered rigorous only if the preceding steps have met specific needs. The didactic aim of this article is to help young qualitative researchers by proposing a "methodological toolbox" based on 4 qualitative methods of data analysis: thematic, phenomenostructural, phenomenopragmatic and grounded theory, to understand better the representations and behaviors in health care. This article focuses exclusively on the methods of analyzing the verbatim gathered by the recording of semi-structured interviews or focus groups. Most qualitative approaches have a common methodological core. However, the emerging methods which favor the discovery of the inner meaning, like the phenomeno-pragmatic method, go further by offering a rigorous and dense process of categorization leading to a theorization or to a general proposition.