The genomic history of Iberian horses since the last Ice Age

Jaime Lira Garrido; Gaétan Tressières; Lorelei Chauvey; Stéphanie Schiavinato; Laure Calvière-Tonasso; Andaine Seguin-Orlando; John Southon; Beth Shapiro; Clément Bataille; Julie Birgel; Stefanie Wagner; Naveed Khan; Xuexue Liu; José María Rodanés; Jesús Picazo Millán; Josep Giralt; Natàlia Alonso; Isidro Aguilera; Adriano Orsingher; Angela Trentacoste; Xavier Payà; Marta Morán; María Pilar Iborra Eres; Silvia Albizuri; Silvia Valenzuela Lamas; Imma Mestres Santandreu; Montserrat Duran Caixal; Jordi Principal; Jordi Farré Huguet; Xavier Esteve; Mireia Pedro Pasqual; Nohemi Sala; Adrián Pablos; Patricia Martín; Josep Maria Vergès; Rodrigo Portero; Pablo Arias; Roberto Ontañón Peredo; Cleia Detry; Cristina Luís; João Luís Cardoso; Aren Maeir; Maria Valente; Elena Grau; Vicent Estall I Poles; Joaquín Alfonso Llorens; Ana Miguélez González; Armelle Gardeisen; Michele Cupitò; Umberto Tecchiati; Daniel Bradley; Liora Kolska Horwitz; Esther Rodríguez González; Ariadna Nieto Espinet; Pere Bover; Rosa Ruiz Entrecanales; Ignasi Garcés Estallo; Joaquín Jiménez Fragoso; Sebastián Celestino; Ludovic Orlando

doi:10.1038/s41467-025-62266-z

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The genomic history of Iberian horses since the last Ice Age

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The genomic history of Iberian horses since the last Ice Age

Jaime Lira Garrido, Gaétan Tressières, Lorelei Chauvey, Stéphanie Schiavinato, Laure Calvière-Tonasso, Andaine Seguin-Orlando, John Southon, Beth Shapiro, Clément Bataille, Julie Birgel, …

Nature Communications, Vol.16(1)

02/08/2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62266-z

PMID: 40753154

Résumé

Horses have inhabited Iberia (present-day Spain and Portugal) since the Middle Pleistocene, shaping a complex history in the region. Iberia has been proposed as a potential domestication centre and is renowned for producing world-class bloodlines. Here, we generate genome-wide sequence data from 87 ancient horse specimens (median coverage = 0.97X) from Iberia and the broader Mediterranean to reconstruct their genetic history over the last similar to 26,000 years. Here, we report that wild horses of the divergent IBE lineage inhabited Iberia from the Late Pleistocene, while domesticated DOM2 horses, native from the Pontic-Caspian steppes, already arrived similar to 1850 BCE. Admixture dating suggests breeding practices involving continued wild restocking until at least similar to 350 BCE, with IBE disappearing shortly after. Patterns of genetic affinity highlight the far-reaching influence of Iberian bloodlines across Europe and north Africa during the Iron Age and Antiquity, with continued impact extending thereafter, particularly during the colonization of the Americas.

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Titre: The genomic history of Iberian horses since the last Ice Age
Créateurs - sans rôle: Jaime Lira Garrido - Universidad de Extremadura
Gaétan Tressières - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Lorelei Chauvey - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Stéphanie Schiavinato - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Laure Calvière-Tonasso - Centre d'anthropologie et de génomique de Toulouse
Andaine Seguin-Orlando - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
John Southon - University of California, Irvine
Beth Shapiro - University of California, Santa Cruz
Clément Bataille - University of Ottawa
Julie Birgel - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Stefanie Wagner - Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement
Naveed Khan - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Xuexue Liu - University of Geneva
José María Rodanés
Jesús Picazo Millán
Josep Giralt - Universitat de Lleida
Natàlia Alonso - Universitat de Lleida
Isidro Aguilera - Universidad de Zaragoza
Adriano Orsingher - Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Angela Trentacoste - British School at Rome
Xavier Payà - Ajuntament de Barcelona
Marta Morán - Ajuntament de Barcelona
María Pilar Iborra Eres
Silvia Albizuri - Universitat de Barcelona
Silvia Valenzuela Lamas
Imma Mestres Santandreu
Montserrat Duran Caixal
Jordi Principal - Museu d'Arqueologia de Catalunya
Jordi Farré Huguet
Xavier Esteve - Generalitat de Catalunya
Mireia Pedro Pasqual
Nohemi Sala - Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana
Adrián Pablos - Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana
Patricia Martín - Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social
Josep Maria Vergès - Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social
Rodrigo Portero - Universidad de Cantabria
Pablo Arias
Roberto Ontañón Peredo
Cleia Detry - University of Lisbon
Cristina Luís
João Luís Cardoso - University of Algarve
Aren Maeir - Bar-Ilan University
Maria Valente - University of Algarve
Elena Grau - Universitat de València
Vicent Estall I Poles
Joaquín Alfonso Llorens
Ana Miguélez González
Armelle Gardeisen - Archéologie et Histoire Ancienne : Méditerranée – Europe
Michele Cupitò - University of Padua
Umberto Tecchiati - University of Milan
Daniel Bradley - Trinity College Dublin
Liora Kolska Horwitz
Esther Rodríguez González
Ariadna Nieto Espinet
Pere Bover - Fundacion Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigacion y el Desarrollo
Rosa Ruiz Entrecanales
Ignasi Garcés Estallo
Joaquín Jiménez Fragoso
Sebastián Celestino - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
Ludovic Orlando - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Détails de publication: Nature Communications, Vol.16(1)
Note de subvention: 101062645-ZEPHYRUS; Spanish Government; PID2021-122355NB-C31/MCIN/AEI; Junta de Extremadura : IB18131; Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha : SBPLY/23/180801/000041, SBPLY/24/180801/000019;
Identifiants: 99123152709311
Unité académique: Université de Montpellier
Langue: English
Type de ressource: Journal article
Champs locaux: hal-05220396