The cosmic-ray and gas content of the Cygnus region as measured in gamma rays by the Fermi Large Area Telescope

M. Ackermann; M. Ajello; A. Allafort; L. Baldini; J. Ballet; G. Barbiellini; D. Bastieri; A. Belfiore; R. Bellazzini; B. Berenji; R. D. Blandford; E. D. Bloom; E. Bonamente; A. W. Borgland; E. Bottacini; J. Bregeon; M. Brigida; P. Bruel; R. Buehler; S. Buson; G. A. Caliandro; R. A. Cameron; P. A. Caraveo; J. M. Casandjian; C. Cecchi; A. Chekhtman; S. Ciprini; R. Claus; J. Cohen-Tanugi; A. De Angelis; F. De Palma; C. D. Dermer; E. Do Couto E Silva; P. S. Drell; D. Dumora; C. Favuzzi; S. J. Fegan; W. B. Focke; P. Fortin; Y. Fukazawa; P. Fusco; F. Gargano; S. Germani; N. Giglietto; F. Giordano; M. Giroletti; T. Glanzman; G. Godfrey; I. A. Grenier; L. Guillemot; S. Guiriec; D. Hadasch; Y. Hanabata; A. K. Harding; M. Hayashida; K. Hayashi; E. Hays; G. Jóhannesson; A. S. Johnson; T. Kamae; H. Katagiri; J. Kataoka; M. Kerr; J. Knödlseder; M. Kuss; J. Lande; L. Latronico; S.-H. Lee; F. Longo; F. Loparco; B. Lott; M. N. Lovellette; P. Lubrano; P. Martin; M. N. Mazziotta; J. E. Mcenery; J. Mehault; P. F. Michelson; W. Mitthumsiri; T. Mizuno; C. Monte; M. E. Monzani; A. Morselli; I. V. Moskalenko; S. Murgia; M. Naumann-Godo; P. L. Nolan; J. P. Norris; E. Nuss; T. Ohsugi; A. Okumura; N. Omodei; E. Orlando; J. F. Ormes; M. Ozaki; D. Paneque; D. Parent; M. Pesce-Rollins; M. Pierbattista; F. Piron; T. A. Porter; S. Rainò; R. Rando; M. Razzano; O. Reimer; T. Reposeur; S. Ritz; P. M. Saz Parkinson; C. Sgrò; E. J. Siskind; P. D. Smith; P. Spinelli; A. W. Strong; H. Takahashi; T. Tanaka; J. G. Thayer; D. J. Thompson; L. Tibaldo; D. F. Torres; G. Tosti; A. Tramacere; E. Troja; Y. Uchiyama; J. Vandenbroucke; V. Vasileiou; G. Vianello; V. Vitale; A. P. Waite; P. Wang; B. L. Winer; K. S. Wood; Z. Yang; S. Zimmer; Sylvain Bontemps

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117539

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The cosmic-ray and gas content of the Cygnus region as measured in gamma rays by the Fermi Large Area Telescope

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The cosmic-ray and gas content of the Cygnus region as measured in gamma rays by the Fermi Large Area Telescope

M. Ackermann, M. Ajello, A. Allafort, L. Baldini, J. Ballet, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, A. Belfiore, R. Bellazzini, B. Berenji, …

Astronomy & Astrophysics - A&A, Vol.538

2012

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201117539

Abstract

ISM: abundances

ISM: clouds

cosmic rays

gamma rays:

ISM

The Cygnus region hosts a giant molecular-cloud complex which actively forms massive stars. Interactions of cosmic rays with interstellar gas and radiation fields make it shine at gamma-ray energies. Several gamma-ray pulsars and other energetic sources are seen in this direction. In this paper we analyse the gamma-ray emission measured by the Fermi Large Area Telescope in the energy range from 100 MeV to 100 GeV in order to probe the gas and cosmic-ray content over the scale of the whole Cygnus complex. The signal from bright pulsars is largely reduced by selecting photons in their off-pulse phase intervals. We compare the diffuse gamma-ray emission with interstellar gas maps derived from radio/mm-wave lines and visual extinction data, and a global model of the region, including other pulsars and gamma-ray sources, is sought. The integral HI emissivity and its spectral energy distribution are both consistent within the systematics with LAT measurements in the interstellar space near the solar system. The average X=N(H2)/W(CO) ratio is consistent with other LAT measurements in the Local Arm. We detect significant gamma-ray emission from dark neutral gas for a mass corresponding to ~40% of that traced by CO. Despite the conspicuous star formation activity and large masses of the interstellar clouds, the cosmic-ray population in the Cygnus complex averaged over a few hundred parsecs is similar to that of the local interstellar space. (abridged)

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Title: The cosmic-ray and gas content of the Cygnus region as measured in gamma rays by the Fermi Large Area Telescope
Creators - without role: M. Ackermann - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
M. Ajello - Stanford University
A. Allafort - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
L. Baldini - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
J. Ballet - CEA Paris-Saclay
G. Barbiellini - University of Trieste
D. Bastieri - University of Padua
A. Belfiore - Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Milano
R. Bellazzini - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
B. Berenji - Stanford University
R. D. Blandford - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
E. D. Bloom - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
E. Bonamente - University of Perugia
A. W. Borgland - Stanford University
E. Bottacini - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
J. Bregeon - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
M. Brigida - Polytechnic University of Bari
P. Bruel - École Polytechnique
R. Buehler - Stanford University
S. Buson - University of Padua
G. A. Caliandro - Institute of Space Sciences
R. A. Cameron - Stanford University
P. A. Caraveo - Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Milano
J. M. Casandjian - Université Paris Cité
C. Cecchi - University of Perugia
A. Chekhtman - United States Naval Research Laboratory
S. Ciprini - University of Perugia
R. Claus - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
J. Cohen-Tanugi - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
A. De Angelis
F. De Palma
C. D. Dermer - United States Naval Research Laboratory
E. Do Couto E Silva
P. S. Drell - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
D. Dumora - Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux
C. Favuzzi - Polytechnic University of Bari
S. J. Fegan - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
W. B. Focke - Stanford University
P. Fortin - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Y. Fukazawa - Hiroshima University
P. Fusco - Polytechnic University of Bari
F. Gargano - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
S. Germani - University of Perugia
N. Giglietto - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
F. Giordano - Polytechnic University of Bari
M. Giroletti - Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna
T. Glanzman - Stanford University
G. Godfrey - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
I. A. Grenier - CEA Paris-Saclay
L. Guillemot - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
S. Guiriec - University of Alabama in Huntsville
D. Hadasch - Institute of Space Sciences
Y. Hanabata - Hiroshima University
A. K. Harding - Goddard Space Flight Center
M. Hayashida - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
K. Hayashi - Hiroshima University
E. Hays - Goddard Space Flight Center
G. Jóhannesson - University of Iceland
A. S. Johnson - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
T. Kamae - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
H. Katagiri - Ibaraki University
J. Kataoka - Waseda University
M. Kerr - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
J. Knödlseder - Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier
M. Kuss - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
J. Lande - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
L. Latronico - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
S.-H. Lee - Kyoto University
F. Longo - University of Trieste
F. Loparco - Polytechnic University of Bari
B. Lott - Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux
M. N. Lovellette - United States Naval Research Laboratory
P. Lubrano - University of Perugia
P. Martin - Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
M. N. Mazziotta - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
J. E. Mcenery - University of Maryland, College Park
J. Mehault - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
P. F. Michelson - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
W. Mitthumsiri - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
T. Mizuno - Hiroshima University
C. Monte - Polytechnic University of Bari
M. E. Monzani - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
A. Morselli - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Roma Tor Vergata
I. V. Moskalenko - Stanford University
S. Murgia - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
M. Naumann-Godo - CEA Paris-Saclay
P. L. Nolan - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
J. P. Norris - Boise State University
E. Nuss - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
T. Ohsugi - Hiroshima University
A. Okumura - Stanford University
N. Omodei - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
E. Orlando - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
J. F. Ormes - University of Denver
M. Ozaki - Institute of Space and Astronautical Science
D. Paneque - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
D. Parent - George Mason University
M. Pesce-Rollins - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
M. Pierbattista - Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation
F. Piron - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
T. A. Porter - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
S. Rainò - Polytechnic University of Bari
R. Rando - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
M. Razzano - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
O. Reimer - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
T. Reposeur - Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux
S. Ritz - University of California, Santa Cruz
P. M. Saz Parkinson
C. Sgrò - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
E. J. Siskind - Real Time Tomography
P. D. Smith - The Ohio State University
P. Spinelli - Polytechnic University of Bari
A. W. Strong - Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
H. Takahashi - Hiroshima University
T. Tanaka - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
J. G. Thayer - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
D. J. Thompson - Goddard Space Flight Center
L. Tibaldo - CEA Paris-Saclay
D. F. Torres - Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats
G. Tosti - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia
A. Tramacere - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
E. Troja - Goddard Space Flight Center
Y. Uchiyama - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
J. Vandenbroucke - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
V. Vasileiou - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
G. Vianello - Consorzio Interuniversitario Fisica Spaziale
V. Vitale - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Roma Tor Vergata
A. P. Waite - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
P. Wang - Stanford University
B. L. Winer - The Ohio State University
K. S. Wood - United States Naval Research Laboratory
Z. Yang - AlbaNova
S. Zimmer - AlbaNova
Sylvain Bontemps - Université de Bordeaux
Publication Details: Astronomy & Astrophysics - A&A, Vol.538
Identifiers: 9936083509311
Academic Unit: Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article
Local Fields: hal-00670013