Résumé
The study of the transformations of relations of production during Kondratieff cycles underlines a reversal in the cyclical behavior of many variables from the interwar period. This reversal is explained as the beginning of the transition between two successive social orders. This new period is characterized by a tendency of the activities linked to human development to be autonomous vis-à-vis capitalist rules. The logic of these activities' development obeys a different rationality from these of capital. This new logic takes place in the heart of capitalist accumulation, becoming both a central and contradictory factor of its growth.