Résumé
Introduction: Shoulder pain associated with tendinopathy of the long head of biceps (LHB) is common. Surgical treatment with arthroscopic tenotomy of the LHB has been shown to be effective. However, it's efficacy is inconsistent. The objective of this study was to assess the pre-operative clinical and radiological prognostic factors of arthroscopic tenotomy of the long head of biceps, and to establish a predictive score for good responses to treatment; the IBTIS score (Isolated Biceps Tenotomy Index Score).
Hypothesis: Prognostic factors representing a good response to treatment of LHB tendinopathy by arthroscopic tenotomy exist.
Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective monocentric study including 64 patients who underwent surgery of the LHB by arthroscopic tenotomy (with or without tenodesis) between January 2018 and March 2020. We identified 2 patient groups (good responder group and poor responder group) from a 3-month post-operative clinical assessment, which included a subjective assessment comprising Single Shoulder Value (SSV), Constant score, C-Test, and pain level. Prognostic factors of a good response were then sought from the 2 groups using interviews, clinical examinations and pre-operative imaging. Based on these findings, a predictive score for a good response was established.
Results: All evaluation criteria demonstrated post-operative improvement: mean SSV (72.2 vs 50.7; p < 0.001), relative constant (78.2 vs 64.3; p < 0.001), pain level (3.2 vs 7; p < 0.001) and C-Test (94.1 vs 85.6; p = 0.07). 34 patients (58.6%) were considered good responders, while 24 patients (41.38%) were considered poor responders. There was a trend towards a favourable result for: age > 65 years (p = 0.01), rotator cuff rupture on preoperative imaging (p = 0.01), Cross Arm Test (p = 0.02), nocturnal pain (p = 0.08), Yergason's test (p = 0.16) and Speed's Test (p = 0.22). Manual labour appeared to be an unfavourable factor (p = 0.07). These factors were incorporated into the 10-point IBTIS score. A score greater than 5 was associated with a favourable result in more than 80% of patients (p < 0.001).
Discussion: Our score consists of 7 items. We identified 7 pre-operative prognostic factors for a good result after LHB tenotomy. Over 65 years of age was found to be statistically significant in univariate analysis, as was visualization of rotator cuff rupture on pre-operative imaging. The Cross Arm Test was included given its high statistical significance. The Speed's Test and Yergason's Test are ubiquitous in the literature. Nocturnal pain was found in more than 80% of patients. Undertaking manual labour represented an unfavourable prognostic factor after arthroscopic surgery of the LHB.
Conclusion: The IBTIS score (Isolated Biceps Tenotomy Index Score) is a pre-operative clinico-radiological score for the surgical treatment of arthroscopic tenotomy of the long head of biceps. Further studies are required to validate its prognostic accuracy.(c) 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.