Résumé
The Gulf of Lion margin is one of the Tertiary extensional basins of the western Mediterranean that opened during convergence of Africa and Europe. This Oligocene-Aquitanian rifted margin and associated Burdigalian oceanic basin have been used as case study for stretching models of ‘Atlantic-type’ margins. However, when the Integrated Basin Study (IBS) project was initiated, several outstanding questions remained about the present structure and the geodynamic setting of the margin within the Western Mediterranean. IBS-Gulf of Lion research was based on the existing onshore and offshore, industrial and academic data, which were heterogeneous and unevenly distributed. Compilation of the stratigraphic correlations on a regional scale allowed precise calculation of the timing of rifting, and clarification of the relationships with Alpine and Mediterranean geodynamics. Reprocessing of the existing ECORS deep seismic reflection profiles shed new light on the extensional structure and mechanisms of extension of the continental margin. Structural and sedimentological studies onshore led to the definition of new tectonostratigraphic models for extensional basins. Results of structural analyses showed a partitioning of the extensional deformation processes across the continental margin. 3D gravity modelling of the margin and basin area led to the production of a new map of the Moho depth by inversion, and testing several hypotheses for the origin of the present day subsidence. Although the Gulf of Lion margin displays structural and stratigraphic features similar to ‘Atlantic-type’ margins, its structure and evolution corresponds to that of a rifted margin of a large continent formed during the opening of a marginal basin. Integration of the new results of IBS-Gulf of Lion within the geodynamic evolution of the western Mediterranean suggests that the Oligocene rifting of the Gulf of Lion represents the initial stage of a succession of rifting events and back-arc basin formation, due to continuously retreating subduction during convergence of Africa and Europe.