Abstract
Bromeliads represent a major component of neotropical forests and encompass a considerable diversity of life forms and nutritional modes. Bromeliads explore highly stressful habitats and root-associated fungi may play a crucial role but their driving factors and variations in root-associated fungi remain largely unknown. ⦁We explored root-associated fungal communities in 17 bromeliad species and their variations linked to host identity, life forms, and nutritional modes by using ITS1 gene-based high-throughput sequencing and by characterising fungal functional guilds. ⦁We found a dual association of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal fungi. The different species, life forms, and nutritional modes among bromeliad hosts had fungal communities that differ in their taxonomical and functional composition. Specifically, roots of epiphytic bromeliads had more endophytic fungi and dark septate endophytes and fewer mycorrhizal fungi than terrestrials and lithophytes. ⦁Our results contribute to a fundamental knowledge base on different fungal groups in previously undescribed Bromeliaceae. The diverse root-associated fungal communities in bromeliads may enhance plant fitness in both stressful and nutrient-poor environments and may give more flexibility to the plants to adapt to changing environmental conditions.