Résumé
French forests face contradictory demands: to be more productive and profitable, while remaining carbon sinks and refuges for biodiversity. As a result, scientists, stakeholders in the industrial forestry, elected representatives and members of civil society are looking for viable alternatives to the current exploitation of French forests. Among the solutions proposed, "silvicultural alternatives" are seen as a consensual technical basis capable of challenging conventional forestry, while forestry alternatives" play a critical role, in addition to the need to change silvicultural practices, take into account the division of labor in the forest and a redistribution of land ownership. Our article examines the constitution of an "alternative forest movement" at the scale of the Massif central, region where it is common to affirm the absence of any "forestry culture". However, the alternative forest movement, which encompasses the alternative practices and the groups of individuals who collectively make them, contribute to the emergence of a new alternative forestry culture, as a form of socio-ecological land stewardship.