Spectrum and extension of the inverse-Compton emission of the Crab Nebula from a combined Fermi-LAT and H.E.S.S. analysis

F Aharonian; F. Ait Benkhali; J Aschersleben; H Ashkar; M Backes; A Baktash; V. Barbosa Martins; R Batzofin; Y Becherini; D Berge; K Bernlöhr; B Bi; M Böttcher; C Boisson; J Bolmont; M de Bony de Lavergne; J Borowska; F Bradascio; M Breuhaus; R Brose; A Brown; F Brun; B Bruno; T Bulik; C Burger-Scheidlin; T Bylund; S Caroff; S Casanova; R Cecil; J Celic; M Cerruti; P Chambery; T Chand; S Chandra; A Chen; J Chibueze; O Chibueze; G Cotter; P Cristofari; J Devin; A Djannati-Ataï; J Djuvsland; A Dmytriiev; S Einecke; J.-P Ernenwein; S Fegan; K Feijen; M Filipovic; G Fontaine; M Füßling; S Funk; S Gabici; Y.A Gallant; G Giavitto; D Glawion; J.F Glicenstein; J Glombitza; P Goswami; G Grolleron; M.-H Grondin; L Haerer; J.A Hinton; W Hofmann; T.L Holch; M Holler; D Horns; M Jamrozy; F Jankowsky; V Joshi; E Kasai; K Katarzynski; R Khatoon; B Khélifi; W Klúzniak; Nu Komin; K Kosack; D Kostunin; A Kundu; R.G Lang; S Le Stum; F Leitl; A Lemière; M Lemoine-Goumard; J.-P Lenain; F Leuschner; A Luashvili; J Mackey; D Malyshev; V Marandon; P Marinos; G Martí-Devesa; R Marx; A Mehta; M Meyer; A Mitchell; R Moderski; L Mohrmann; A Montanari; E Moulin; T Murach; M de Naurois; J Niemiec; P O'Brien; S Ohm; L Olivera-Nieto; E de Ona Wilhelmi; M Ostrowski; S Panny; M Panter; R.D Parsons; G Peron; D.A Prokhorov; G Pühlhofer; M Punch; A Quirrenbach; M Regeard; P Reichherzer; A Reimer; O Reimer; H Ren; M Renaud; B Reville; F Rieger; G Roellinghoff; B Rudak; V Sahakian; H Salzmann; M Sasaki; F Schüssler; H.M Schutte; J.N.S Shapopi; A Specovius; S Spencer; Ł Stawarz; R Steenkamp; S Steinmassl; C Steppa; K Streil; I Sushch; H Suzuki; T Takahashi; T Tanaka; R Terrier; M Tluczykont; N Tsuji; T Unbehaun; C van Eldik; M Vecchi; J Veh; C Venter; J Vink; T Wach; S.J Wagner; A Wierzcholska; M Zacharias; D Zargaryan; A.A Zdziarski; A Zech; S Zouari; N Zywucka; A Harding

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202348651

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Spectrum and extension of the inverse-Compton emission of the Crab Nebula from a combined Fermi-LAT and H.E.S.S. analysis

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Spectrum and extension of the inverse-Compton emission of the Crab Nebula from a combined Fermi-LAT and H.E.S.S. analysis

F Aharonian, F. Ait Benkhali, J Aschersleben, H Ashkar, M Backes, A Baktash, V. Barbosa Martins, R Batzofin, Y Becherini, D Berge, …

Astron.Astrophys, Vol.686

2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202348651

Abstract

energy

high

electron

acceleration

X-ray

emission

magnetic field

TeV

pulsar

HESS

energy spectrum

GeV

positron

torus

programming

spectral energy distribution

field strength

GLAST

VHE

structure

The Crab Nebula is a unique laboratory for studying the acceleration of electrons and positrons through their non-thermal radiation. Observations of very-high-energy $\gamma$ rays from the Crab Nebula have provided important constraints for modelling its broadband emission. We present the first fully self-consistent analysis of the Crab Nebula's $\gamma$-ray emission between 1 GeV and $\sim$100 TeV, that is, over five orders of magnitude in energy. Using the open-source software package Gammapy, we combined 11.4 yr of data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope and 80 h of High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) data at the event level and provide a measurement of the spatial extension of the nebula and its energy spectrum. We find evidence for a shrinking of the nebula with increasing $\gamma$-ray energy. Furthermore, we fitted several phenomenological models to the measured data, finding that none of them can fully describe the spatial extension and the spectral energy distribution at the same time. Especially the extension measured at TeV energies appears too large when compared to the X-ray emission. Our measurements probe the structure of the magnetic field between the pulsar wind termination shock and the dust torus, and we conclude that the magnetic field strength decreases with increasing distance from the pulsar. We complement our study with a careful assessment of systematic uncertainties.

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Title: Spectrum and extension of the inverse-Compton emission of the Crab Nebula from a combined Fermi-LAT and H.E.S.S. analysis
Creators - without role: F Aharonian
F. Ait Benkhali
J Aschersleben
H Ashkar - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
M Backes
A Baktash
V. Barbosa Martins
R Batzofin
Y Becherini - AstroParticule et Cosmologie
D Berge
K Bernlöhr
B Bi
M Böttcher
C Boisson - Laboratoire Univers et Théories
J Bolmont - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies
M de Bony de Lavergne - Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
J Borowska
F Bradascio - Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
M Breuhaus
R Brose
A Brown
F Brun - Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
B Bruno
T Bulik
C Burger-Scheidlin
T Bylund - Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
S Caroff - Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules
S Casanova
R Cecil
J Celic
M Cerruti - AstroParticule et Cosmologie
P Chambery - Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux
T Chand
S Chandra
A Chen
J Chibueze
O Chibueze
G Cotter
P Cristofari - Laboratoire Univers et Théories
J Devin - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
A Djannati-Ataï - AstroParticule et Cosmologie
J Djuvsland
A Dmytriiev
S Einecke
J.-P Ernenwein - Centre de physique des particules de Marseille
S Fegan - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
K Feijen - AstroParticule et Cosmologie
M Filipovic
G Fontaine - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
M Füßling
S Funk
S Gabici - AstroParticule et Cosmologie
Y.A Gallant - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
G Giavitto
D Glawion
J.F Glicenstein - Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
J Glombitza
P Goswami - AstroParticule et Cosmologie
G Grolleron - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies
M.-H Grondin - Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux
L Haerer
J.A Hinton
W Hofmann
T.L Holch
M Holler
D Horns
M Jamrozy - Jagiellonian University
F Jankowsky
V Joshi
E Kasai
K Katarzynski - Nicolaus Copernicus University
R Khatoon
B Khélifi - AstroParticule et Cosmologie
W Klúzniak - Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center
Nu Komin
K Kosack - Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
D Kostunin
A Kundu
R.G Lang
S Le Stum - Centre de physique des particules de Marseille
F Leitl
A Lemière - AstroParticule et Cosmologie
M Lemoine-Goumard - Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux
J.-P Lenain - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies
F Leuschner
A Luashvili - Laboratoire Univers et Théories
J Mackey
D Malyshev
D Malyshev
V Marandon - Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
P Marinos
G Martí-Devesa
R Marx
A Mehta
M Meyer
A Mitchell
R Moderski
L Mohrmann
A Montanari
E Moulin - Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
T Murach
M de Naurois - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
J Niemiec
P O'Brien
S Ohm
L Olivera-Nieto
E de Ona Wilhelmi
M Ostrowski
S Panny
M Panter
R.D Parsons
G Peron - AstroParticule et Cosmologie
D.A Prokhorov - University of Amsterdam
G Pühlhofer
M Punch - AstroParticule et Cosmologie
A Quirrenbach
M Regeard - AstroParticule et Cosmologie
P Reichherzer - Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
A Reimer
O Reimer
H Ren
M Renaud - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
B Reville
F Rieger
G Roellinghoff
B Rudak
V Sahakian - A. Alikhanyan National Laboratory
H Salzmann
M Sasaki
F Schüssler - Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
H.M Schutte
J.N.S Shapopi
A Specovius
S Spencer
Ł Stawarz
R Steenkamp
S Steinmassl
C Steppa
K Streil
I Sushch
H Suzuki - Konan University
T Takahashi - Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe
T Tanaka
R Terrier - AstroParticule et Cosmologie
M Tluczykont
N Tsuji - Nippon Soken
T Unbehaun
C van Eldik
M Vecchi
J Veh
C Venter
J Vink
T Wach
S.J Wagner
A Wierzcholska
M Zacharias
D Zargaryan
A.A Zdziarski
A Zech - Laboratoire Univers et Théories
S Zouari - AstroParticule et Cosmologie
N Zywucka
A Harding - Los Alamos National Laboratory
Publication Details: Astron.Astrophys, Vol.686
Identifiers: 9934183709311
Academic Unit: Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article
Local Fields: hal-04529117