Résumé
Electron probe (X-ray) microanalysis (EPMA) is nowadays a classical and well-established method for qualitative and (semi)quantitative evaluation of the elemental composition of the (near)surface of a sample on the micrometre scale. This technique can be used to determine concentration profiles due to (inter)diffusion in materials at submicrometre resolution if physical and geometrical effects that occur during the measurement process are accounted for. Standard phenomena are usually corrected by commercial softwares for a homogeneous elemental composition in the analyzed area. However, in the case of a diffusion process on a small scale, the composition is no longer homogeneous and the effect of the hemispherical volume of the X-ray emission on the spatial resolution of the concentration profiles, and consequently on the diffusion coefficients, has to be considered. A radial X-ray distribution associated with the classical depth distribution allows for the definition of a 2D X-ray emission function for medium to heavy materials. This enables one to study the effect of some geometrical parameters on the measured concentration profile and to propose a method of reconstructing the real weight fraction profile from the measured profile of the X-ray intensities by using regularized deconvolution algorithms.