Abstract
Highlights: • Spatiotemporal forecasting is a key process in the management of locusts. • Forecasts can be used at different risk levels from locust presence to impacts. • Reproducible forecasting systems are still lacking, limiting operationality. • Ecology and human capacities should be at the heart of future forecasting efforts. • Evaluations of forecasting performance need to conducted.Abstract:Locusts are among the most feared agricultural pests. Spatiotemporal forecasting is a key process in their management. The present review aims to 1) set a common language on the subject, 2) evaluate the current methodologies, and 3) identify opportunities to improve forecasting tools. Forecasts can be used to provide reliable predictions on locust presence, reproduction events, gregarization areas, population outbreaks, and potential impacts on agriculture. Statistical approaches are used for the first four objectives, whereas mechanistic approaches are used for the latter. We advocate 1) to build reliable and reproducible spatiotemporal forecasting systems for the impacts on agriculture, 2) to turn scientific studies into operational forecasting systems, and 3) to evaluate the performance of these systems.