Résumé
This is the first of a series of papers about quantization in the context of derived algebraic geometry. In this first part, we introduce the notion of n-shifted symplectic structures, a generalization of the notion of symplectic structures on smooth varieties and schemes, meaningful in the setting of derived Artin n-stacks (see \cite{hagII,seat}). We prove that classifying stacks of reductive groups, as well as the derived stack of perfect complexes, carry canonical 2-symplectic structures. Our main existence theorem states that for any derived Artin stack F equipped with an n-symplectic structure, the derived mapping stack Map(X,F) is equipped with a canonical (n-d)-symplectic structure as soon a X satisfies a Calabi-Yau condition in dimension d. These two results imply the existence of many examples of derived moduli stacks equipped with n-symplectic structures, such as the derived moduli of perfect complexes on Calabi-Yau varieties, or the derived moduli stack of perfect complexes of local systems on a compact and oriented topological manifold. We explain how the known symplectic structures on smooth moduli spaces of simple objects (e.g. simple sheaves on Calabi-Yau surfaces, or simple representations of \pi_{1} of compact Riemann surfaces) can be recovered from our results, and that they extend canonically as 0-symplectic structures outside of the smooth locus of simple objects. We also deduce new existence statements, such as the existence of a natural (-1)-symplectic structure (whose formal counterpart has been previously constructed in \cite{co,cg}) on the derived mapping scheme Map(E,T*X), for E an elliptic curve and T*X is the total space of the cotangent bundle of as mooth scheme X. Canonical (-1)-symplectic structures are also shown to exist on Lagrangian intersections, on moduli of sheaves (or complexes of sheaves) on Calabi-Yau 3-folds, and on moduli of representations of \pi_{1} of compact topological 3-manifolds. More generally, the moduli sheaves on higher dimensional varieties are shown to carry canonical shifted symplectic structures (with a shift depending on the dimension).