Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in patients with stable peripheral or carotid artery disease: an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Sonia Anand; Jackie Bosch; John Eikelboom; Stuart Connolly; Rafael Diaz; Peter Widimsky; Victor Aboyans; Marco Alings; Ajay Kakkar; Katalin Keltai; Aldo Maggioni; Basil Lewis; Stefan Störk; Jun Zhu; Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo; Martin O'Donnell; Patrick Commerford; Dragos Vinereanu; Nana Pogosova; Lars Ryden; Keith A.A. Fox; Deepak Bhatt; Frank Misselwitz; John Varigos; Thomas Vanassche; Alvaro Avezum; Edmond Chen; Kelley Branch; Darryl Leong; Shrikant Bangdiwala; Robert Hart; Salim Yusuf; Jorgelina Sala; Luis Cartasegna; Marisa Vico; Miguel Angel Hominal; Eduardo Hasbani; Alberto Caccavo; Cesar Zaidman; Daniel Vogel; Adrian Hrabar; Pablo Omar Schygiel; Carlos Cuneo; Hugo Luquez; Ignacio Mackinnon; Rodolfo Andres Ahuad Guerrero; Juan Pablo Costabel; Ines Palmira Bartolacci; Oscar Montana; Maria Barbieri; Oscar Gomez Vilamajo; Ruben Omar Garcia Duran; Lilia Beatriz Schiavi; Marcelo Garrido; Adrian Ingaramo; Anselmo Paulino Bordonava; Maria Pelagagge; Leonardo Novaretto; Juan Pablo Albisu Di Gennero; Maria Ibanez Saggia; Moira Alvarez; Nestor Alejandro Vita; Stella Maris Macin; Ricardo Dario Dran; Marcelo Cardona; Luis Guzman; Rodolfo Juan Sarjanovich; Jesús Sánchez Cuadrado; Sebastian Nani; Marcos Raul Litvak Bruno; Carolina Chacon; Laura Elena Maffei; Diego Grinfeld; Natalia Vensentini; Claudio Rodolfo Majul; Hector Lucas Luciardi; Patricia del Carmen Gonzalez Colaso; Fredy Antoni Ferre Pacora; Paul van den Heuvel; Peter Verhamme; Bavo Ector; Philippe Debonnaire; Philippe van de Borne; Jean Leroy; Herman Schroe; Pascal Vranckx; Ivan Elegeert; Etienne Hoffer; Karl Dujardin; Clarisse Indio Do Brasil; Dalton Precoma; Jose Antonio Abrantes; Euler Manenti; Gilmar Reis; Jose Saraiva; Lilia Maia; Mauro Hernandes; Paul Rossi; Fabio Rossi; Sergio Luiz Zimmermann; Rafael Rech; Eduardo Abib Jr; Paul Leaes; Roberto Botelho; Oscar Dutra; Weimar Souza; Maria Braile; Nilo Izukawa; Carlos Nicolau; Luiz Fernando Tanajura; Carlos Serrano Junior; Cesar Minelli; Luiz Antonio Nasi; Livia Oliveira; Marcelo de Carvalho Cantarelli; Richard Tytus; Shekhar Pandey; Eva Lonn; James Cha; Saul Vizel; Mohan Babapulle; André Lamy; Kevin Saunders; Jose Berlingieri; Bob Kiaii; Rakesh Bhargava; Pravinsagar Mehta; Laurie Hill; David Fell; Andy y W Lam; Faisal Al-Qoofi; Craig Brown; Robert Petrella; Jose Ricci; Anthony Glanz; Nicolas Noiseux; Kevin Bainey; Fatima Merali; Anthony Della Siega; Gilles Dagenais; Francois Dagenais; Steeve Brulotte; Michel Nguyen; Randolph Guzman; Ronald Bourgeois; Dennis Rupka; Yaariv Khaykin; Gilbert Gosselin; Thao Huynh; Claude Pilon; Jean Campeau; Francis Pichette; Ariel Diaz; James Johnston; Pravin Shukle; Gregory Hirsch; Paul Rheault; Wlodzimierz Czarnecki; Annie Roy; Shah Nawaz; Stephen Fremes; Dinkar Shukla; Gabriel Jano; Leonardo Cobos; Ramon Corbalan; Marcelo Medina; Leonardo Nahuelpan; Carlos Raffo; Luis Perez; Sergio Potthoff; Benjamin Stockins; Pablo Sepulveda; Christian Pincetti; Margarita Vejar; Hongyan Tian; Xuesi Wu; Yuannan Ke; Kaiying Jia; Pengfei Yin; Zhaohui Wang; Litian Tian; Shulin Wu; Zongqui Wu; Shao Wen Liu; Xiao Juan Bai; Yang Zheng; Yang Yang; Yang Yu; Jiwei Zhang; Junbo Ge; Ping Chen; Junxia Li; Tao Hong Hu; Ruiyan Zhang; Zhe Zheng; Xin Chen; Liang Li; Ping Jia; Weijian Jia; Guosheng Fu; Chunjian Jia; Yugang Yu; Chunsheng Wang; Xin Zhou; Ye Kong; Aristides Sotomayor; Luis Accini Mendoza; Henry Castillo; Miguel Urina; Gustavo Aroca; Maritza Perez; Dora Ines Sala; Gregorio Sanchez Vallejo; Manzur Fernando; Henry Garcia; Luis Garcia; Edgar Arcos; Juan C Gómez; Francis Cuervo Millan; Alberto Trujillo Dada; Boris Vesga; Gustavo Moreno Silgado; Eva Zidkova; Jean Lubanda; Marketa Ke; Radim Kryza; Gabriel Marcinek; Marek Richter; Jindrich Spinar; Jiri Matuska; Martin Tesak; Zuzana Motovska; Maria Branny; Jiri Maly; Martin Maly; Martin Wiendl; Lenka Foltynova Caisova; Jose Slaby; Petr Vojtisek; Jan Pirk; Lenka Spinar; Miroslava Benesova; Julia Li; Miroslav Homza; Jindrich Florian; Rostislav Polasek; Zdenek Coufal; Vladimira Skalnikova; Radim Brat; Miroslav Brtko; Petr Jansky; Jaroslav Li; Pavel Marcian; Zbynek Straka; Martin Tretina; Carlos Duarte; Freddy Pow Chon Long; Mayra Sanchez; Jose Lopez; Carmita Perugachi; Ricardo Marmol; Freddy Trujillo; Pablo Teran; Jaakko Tuomilehto; Marja-Leena Tuominen; Henri Tuomilehto; Ilkka Kantola; Gabriel Steg; Florence Leclercq; Emile Ferrari; Franck Boccara; Emmanuel Messas; Patrick Mismetti; Marie Antoinette Sevestre; Guillaume Cayla; Pascal Motreff; Stefan Stoerk; Hans-Dirk Ge; Christoph Stellbrink; Osman Guerocak; Christoph Kadel; Ruediger Ge; Christian Tian; Hans-Friedrich Ge; Karl Appel; Bernhard Ke; Thomas Dorsel; Sigrid Nikol; Harald Darius; Jurgen Ge; Sebastian Tian; Wolfgang Jungmair; Piroze Davierwala; Marc Vorpahl; Laszlo Bajnok; Ebrahim Noori; Gabor Veress; Andras Vertes; Andras Zsary; Erno Kis; Laszlo Laszlo; Judit Bakai; Zoltán Boda; Ferenc Poor; Zoltan Jarai; Vendel Ke; John Barton; Brendan Mcadam; Andre Murphy; Peter Crean; Niall Mahon; Ronan Curtin; Briain Macneill; Sean Dinneen; Majdi Halabi; David Zeltser; Yoav Ge; Eliezer Li; Amos Katz; Shaul Atar; Reuven Li; Eugenia Ge; Stefan Bosi; Monica Naldi; Pompilio Li; Debora Robba; Lucio Mos; Gianfranco Sinagra; Franco Cosmi; Luigi Oltrona Visconti; de Matteis Carmine; Giuseppe Di Pasquale; Matteo Di Biase; Sara Mandorla; Marino Ge; Giovanni Carlo Piccinni; Michel Li; Marc Galvani; Flavio Venturi; Giorgio Morocutti; Maria Baldin; Carlo Li; Gian Piero Perna; Vincenzo Cirrincione; Takayasu Kanno; Hiroyuki Roy; Yukio Yu; Naomasa Miyamoto; Shinichi Higashiue; Hiroshi Domae; Shinobu Hosokawa; Hiroo Kobayashi; Takehiko Ke; Kenshi Ke; Kazuaki Mizutomi; Keijiro Ke; Kazuo Kimura; Yoshiharu Higuchi; Mitsunori Abe; Haruhito Okuda; Toshiyuki Yu; Teruaki Mita; Atsushi Hirayama; Haruhiko Onaka; Moriaki Inoko; Mitsugu Hirokami; Munenori Okubo; Mizuho Imamaki; Haruo Kamiya; Mamoru Manita; Toshiharu Himi; Hideki Ueno; Yuji Yu; Junya Ako; Yasuhiro Nishino; Hideo Kawakami; Yutaka Yu; Yukihiro Yu; Takahisa Yamada; Tetsuro Yoshida; Hideki Shimomura; Noriyuki Yu; Akihiko Takahashi; Khalid Yu; Wan Azman Wan Ahmad; Muhammad Radzi Abu Hassan; Sazzli Li; Aizai Azan Abdul Rahim; Dimon Mohd Zamrin; Masaharu Machida; Yorihiko Higashino; Noriaki Utsu; Akihiko Nakano; Shigeru Ge; Tetsuo Hashimoto; Kenji Ke; Tomohiro Sakamoto; F.J. Prins; Dirk Lok; Jan Ge; Eric Ge; Frank Willems; Henk Swart; Marc Li; Rob Breedveld; Jan Ke; Roger Ge; Fanny Oei; Stieneke Ke; Hans Kragten; Paul Herrman; Paul Ge; Marc Gosselin; Eduard Hoekstra; Erwin Ge; Eelko Ronner; Frank den Hartog; Gerard Ge; Peter Nierop; Coen van Der Zwaan; Jacob van Eck; Edwin van Gorselen; Bjorn Groenemeijer; Pieter Hoogslag; Robert de Groot; Aldrin Loyola; Jose Li; Nannette Rey; Maria Abola; Dante Morales; Ellen Palomares; Eva Abat; Gregorio Ge; Philip Li; Jose del Pilar; Dennis Alcaraz; Geraldine Ge; Louie Tirador; Jose Cruz; John Anonuevo; Arthur Hu; Maria Janion; Tomasz Guzik; Grzegorz Gajos; Maciej Zabowka; Andrzej Rynkiewicz; Marlena Broncel; Andrzej Szuba; Danuta Czarnecka; Pawel Maga; Zhe Strazhesko; Zhanna Sizova; Yury Yu; Olga Barbarash; Mikhail Voevoda; Tatiana Tian; Alexey Repin; Irina Osipova; Anna Efremushkina; Nina Novikova; Oleg Averkov; Dmitry Zateyshchikov; Arkadiy Vertkin; Eva Ausheva; Saadiya Seedat; Louis van Zyl; Jan Rech; Ellen Li; Catharina Elizabeth Li; Zaid Mohamed; Adrian Horak; Thomas Mabin; Eric Klug; Jan Bae; Cheolho Kim; Chong-Jin Kim; Dong-Soo Dong; Yong Jin Kim; Seungjae Joo; Jong-Won Ha; Chul Soo Hu; Jan Kim; Young-Kwon Kim; Christina Jarnert; Thomas Mooe; Mikael Dellborg; Ingemar Ge; Per Albertsson; Hans Ha; Faris Li; Henri Almroth; Tommy Andersson; Emil Pantev; Bengt-Olov Tengmark; Bo Liu; Gundars Rasmanis; Carl-Magnus Wahlgren; Tiziano Moccetti; Alexander Park; Vira Tseluyko; Volodymyr Volkov; Olena Koval; Lyudmyla Yu; Oleksandr Prokhorov; Henk Chen; Andriy Bazylevych; Leonid Rudenko; Vadym Vizir; Oleksandr Karpenko; Yaroslav Maly; Valentyna Koval; Bo Hu; James Cotton; Asok Atar; Andre Moriarty; Derek Connolly; Patrick Davey; Roxy Senior; Paul Birdi; John Calvert; Patrick Donnelly; Per Trevelyan; Justin Carter; Aaron Peace; David Austin; Neville Kukreja; Thomas Hilton; Sunny Srivastava; Ronald Walsh; Ronald Fields; Jose Ha; Edward Portnay; Harinder Ha; Abraham Sala; John Hu; Nicolas Ha; Damodhar Ha; Ricky Schneider; Paul Gurbel; Subhash Ha; Paul Grena; Noel Bedwell; Stephen Sloan; Steven Lupovitch; Anand Soni; Kathleen Gibson; Renee Li; Rajendra Mehta; Peter I-Hsuan Tsai; Gilles Gillespie; Stephen Dempsey; Glenn Ha; Robert Black; Ellis Li; John Kostis; Vera Bittner; Kelley Ke; Vinay Malhotra; Matthew Mccormick; Raluca Arimie; Alan Camp; George Ge; N. Mathew Koshy; Stephen Thew; Eric Costello; Mark Heiman; Robert Hilton; Michael Cha; Fredric Adler; Anthony Comerota; Andre Seiwert; William Li; Harvey Ha; Robert Ha; Faisal Bakaeen; Shuab Hu; Lokesh Cha; Alan Whelan; Andre Boyle; Robert Li; James Ge; Patrick Carroll; David Colquhoun; James Ha; Peter Blombery; John Amerena; Chris Hii; Alistair Roy; Bhuwan Hu; Jose Selvanayagam; Jan Jansen; Wingchi Lo; Christoph Ha; Rohan Ha; Ye Ha; Henri Ge; Henri Nielsen; Gunnar Gislason; Lars Køber; Kim Li; Bo Ke; Ulrik Dixen; Jens Refsgaard; Elisabeth Li; Peter Soegaard; Maria Hranai; Ludovit Gaspar; Daniel Pella; Katarina Atar; Erika Ako; Ioan Coman; Doina Dimulescu; Mircea Cinteza; Crina Sinescu; Catalina Li; Imre Benedek; Bob Bobescu; Dan Dobreanu; Dan Gaita; Adrian Iancu; Adrian Li; Daniel Li; Petr Petrescu; Octavian Pirvu; Iulia Li; Dan Lo; Marc Marcian; Ovidiu Chioncel

doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32409-1

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Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in patients with stable peripheral or carotid artery disease: an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Journal article

Peer reviewed

Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in patients with stable peripheral or carotid artery disease: an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Sonia Anand, Jackie Bosch, John Eikelboom, Stuart Connolly, Rafael Diaz, Peter Widimsky, Victor Aboyans, Marco Alings, Ajay Kakkar, Katalin Keltai, …

The Lancet, Vol.391(10117), pp.219-229

01/2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32409-1

PMID: 29132880

Abstract

Aged

Amputation

Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors

Rivaroxaban

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Stroke

Cardiovascular Diseases

Carotid Artery Diseases

Double-Blind Method

Female

Drug Administration Schedule

Drug Therapy, Combination

Incidence

Factor Xa Inhibitors

Hemorrhage

Humans

Lower Extremity

Myocardial Infarction

Male

Middle Aged

Morbidity

Peripheral Arterial Disease

Aspirin

BACKGROUND:Patients with peripheral artery disease have an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Antiplatelet agents are widely used to reduce these complications.METHODS:This was a multicentre, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial for which patients were recruited at 602 hospitals, clinics, or community practices from 33 countries across six continents. Eligible patients had a history of peripheral artery disease of the lower extremities (previous peripheral bypass surgery or angioplasty, limb or foot amputation, intermittent claudication with objective evidence of peripheral artery disease), of the carotid arteries (previous carotid artery revascularisation or asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis of at least 50%), or coronary artery disease with an ankle-brachial index of less than 0·90. After a 30-day run-in period, patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive oral rivaroxaban (2·5 mg twice a day) plus aspirin (100 mg once a day), rivaroxaban twice a day (5 mg with aspirin placebo once a day), or to aspirin once a day (100 mg and rivaroxaban placebo twice a day). Randomisation was computer generated. Each treatment group was double dummy, and the patient, investigators, and central study staff were masked to treatment allocation. The primary outcome was cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction or stroke; the primary peripheral artery disease outcome was major adverse limb events including major amputation. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01776424, and is closed to new participants.FINDINGS:Between March 12, 2013, and May 10, 2016, we enrolled 7470 patients with peripheral artery disease from 558 centres. The combination of rivaroxaban plus aspirin compared with aspirin alone reduced the composite endpoint of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (126 [5%] of 2492 vs 174 [7%] of 2504; hazard ratio [HR] 0·72, 95% CI 0·57-0·90, p=0·0047), and major adverse limb events including major amputation (32 [1%] vs 60 [2%]; HR 0·54 95% CI 0·35-0·82, p=0·0037). Rivaroxaban 5 mg twice a day compared with aspirin alone did not significantly reduce the composite endpoint (149 [6%] of 2474 vs 174 [7%] of 2504; HR 0·86, 95% CI 0·69-1·08, p=0·19), but reduced major adverse limb events including major amputation (40 [2%] vs 60 [2%]; HR 0·67, 95% CI 0·45-1·00, p=0·05). The median duration of treatment was 21 months. The use of the rivaroxaban plus aspirin combination increased major bleeding compared with the aspirin alone group (77 [3%] of 2492 vs 48 [2%] of 2504; HR 1·61, 95% CI 1·12-2·31, p=0·0089), which was mainly gastrointestinal. Similarly, major bleeding occurred in 79 (3%) of 2474 patients with rivaroxaban 5 mg, and in 48 (2%) of 2504 in the aspirin alone group (HR 1·68, 95% CI 1·17-2·40; p=0·0043).INTERPRETATION:Low-dose rivaroxaban taken twice a day plus aspirin once a day reduced major adverse cardiovascular and limb events when compared with aspirin alone. Although major bleeding was increased, fatal or critical organ bleeding was not. This combination therapy represents an important advance in the management of patients with peripheral artery disease. Rivaroxaban alone did not significantly reduce major adverse cardiovascular events compared with asprin alone, but reduced major adverse limb events and increased major bleeding.

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Title: Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in patients with stable peripheral or carotid artery disease: an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Creators - without role: Sonia Anand - Hamilton Health Sciences
Jackie Bosch - Hamilton Health Sciences
John Eikelboom - Population Health Research Institute
Stuart Connolly - Population Health Research Institute
Rafael Diaz - Instituto Cardiovascular de Rosario
Peter Widimsky - Charles University
Victor Aboyans - Institut d’Epidémiologie et de Neurologie Tropicale
Marco Alings - Amphia Ziekenhuis
Ajay Kakkar - University College London
Katalin Keltai - Semmelweis University
Aldo Maggioni - Associazione Nazionale Medici Cardiologi Ospedalieri
Basil Lewis - Carmel Medical Center
Stefan Störk - Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
Jun Zhu - Fu Wai Hospital
Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo
Martin O'Donnell
Patrick Commerford - University of Cape Town
Dragos Vinereanu - Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Nana Pogosova - National Research Center for Preventive Medicine
Lars Ryden - Karolinska Institutet
Keith A.A. Fox - University of Edinburgh
Deepak Bhatt - Brigham and Women's Hospital
Frank Misselwitz - Bayer
John Varigos
Thomas Vanassche - KU Leuven
Alvaro Avezum - Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia
Edmond Chen - Bayer
Kelley Branch - University of Washington
Darryl Leong - Hamilton Health Sciences
Shrikant Bangdiwala - Hamilton Health Sciences
Robert Hart - Population Health Research Institute
Salim Yusuf - Population Health Research Institute
Jorgelina Sala
Luis Cartasegna
Marisa Vico
Miguel Angel Hominal
Eduardo Hasbani
Alberto Caccavo
Cesar Zaidman
Daniel Vogel
Adrian Hrabar
Pablo Omar Schygiel
Carlos Cuneo
Hugo Luquez
Ignacio Mackinnon
Rodolfo Andres Ahuad Guerrero
Juan Pablo Costabel
Ines Palmira Bartolacci
Oscar Montana
Maria Barbieri
Oscar Gomez Vilamajo
Ruben Omar Garcia Duran
Lilia Beatriz Schiavi
Marcelo Garrido
Adrian Ingaramo
Anselmo Paulino Bordonava
Maria Pelagagge
Leonardo Novaretto
Juan Pablo Albisu Di Gennero
Maria Ibanez Saggia
Moira Alvarez
Nestor Alejandro Vita
Stella Maris Macin
Ricardo Dario Dran
Marcelo Cardona
Luis Guzman
Rodolfo Juan Sarjanovich
Jesús Sánchez Cuadrado - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
Sebastian Nani
Marcos Raul Litvak Bruno
Carolina Chacon
Laura Elena Maffei
Diego Grinfeld
Natalia Vensentini
Claudio Rodolfo Majul
Hector Lucas Luciardi
Patricia del Carmen Gonzalez Colaso
Fredy Antoni Ferre Pacora
Paul van den Heuvel
Peter Verhamme - Charles University
Bavo Ector
Philippe Debonnaire
Philippe van de Borne - Cardiology Department
Jean Leroy
Herman Schroe
Pascal Vranckx
Ivan Elegeert
Etienne Hoffer
Karl Dujardin
Clarisse Indio Do Brasil
Dalton Precoma
Jose Antonio Abrantes
Euler Manenti
Gilmar Reis
Jose Saraiva
Lilia Maia
Mauro Hernandes
Paul Rossi
Fabio Rossi - Dipartimento di Bioscienze
Sergio Luiz Zimmermann
Rafael Rech - Instituto Cardiovascular de Rosario
Eduardo Abib Jr
Paul Leaes
Roberto Botelho
Oscar Dutra
Weimar Souza
Maria Braile
Nilo Izukawa
Carlos Nicolau - Universitat de Barcelona
Luiz Fernando Tanajura
Carlos Serrano Junior
Cesar Minelli
Luiz Antonio Nasi
Livia Oliveira
Marcelo de Carvalho Cantarelli
Richard Tytus
Shekhar Pandey
Eva Lonn - Hamilton General Hospital
James Cha
Saul Vizel
Mohan Babapulle
André Lamy - McMaster University
Kevin Saunders
Jose Berlingieri
Bob Kiaii
Rakesh Bhargava
Pravinsagar Mehta
Laurie Hill
David Fell
Andy y W Lam
Faisal Al-Qoofi
Craig Brown
Robert Petrella - Population Health Research Institute
Jose Ricci
Anthony Glanz
Nicolas Noiseux
Kevin Bainey
Fatima Merali
Anthony Della Siega
Gilles Dagenais - Lung Institute
Francois Dagenais
Steeve Brulotte
Michel Nguyen
Randolph Guzman
Ronald Bourgeois
Dennis Rupka
Yaariv Khaykin
Gilbert Gosselin
Thao Huynh
Claude Pilon
Jean Campeau
Francis Pichette
Ariel Diaz - Instituto Cardiovascular de Rosario
James Johnston
Pravin Shukle
Gregory Hirsch
Paul Rheault
Wlodzimierz Czarnecki
Annie Roy
Shah Nawaz
Stephen Fremes
Dinkar Shukla
Gabriel Jano
Leonardo Cobos
Ramon Corbalan
Marcelo Medina
Leonardo Nahuelpan
Carlos Raffo
Luis Perez
Sergio Potthoff
Benjamin Stockins
Pablo Sepulveda
Christian Pincetti
Margarita Vejar
Hongyan Tian
Xuesi Wu
Yuannan Ke - University of Washington
Kaiying Jia
Pengfei Yin
Zhaohui Wang
Litian Tian
Shulin Wu
Zongqui Wu
Shao Wen Liu
Xiao Juan Bai
Yang Zheng
Yang Yang
Yang Yu
Jiwei Zhang
Junbo Ge
Ping Chen
Junxia Li - Population Health Research Institute
Tao Hong Hu - Fu Wai Hospital
Ruiyan Zhang
Zhe Zheng
Xin Chen - Bayer
Liang Li
Ping Jia
Weijian Jia
Guosheng Fu
Chunjian Jia
Yugang Yu
Chunsheng Wang
Xin Zhou
Ye Kong
Aristides Sotomayor
Luis Accini Mendoza
Henry Castillo
Miguel Urina
Gustavo Aroca
Maritza Perez
Dora Ines Sala
Gregorio Sanchez Vallejo
Manzur Fernando
Henry Garcia
Luis Garcia - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines
Edgar Arcos
Juan C Gómez
Francis Cuervo Millan
Alberto Trujillo Dada
Boris Vesga
Gustavo Moreno Silgado
Eva Zidkova
Jean Lubanda
Marketa Ke
Radim Kryza
Gabriel Marcinek
Marek Richter
Jindrich Spinar - University Hospital Brno
Jiri Matuska
Martin Tesak - Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway
Zuzana Motovska
Maria Branny
Jiri Maly
Martin Maly - Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway
Martin Wiendl - Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway
Lenka Foltynova Caisova
Jose Slaby
Petr Vojtisek
Jan Pirk
Lenka Spinar
Miroslava Benesova
Julia Li
Miroslav Homza
Jindrich Florian
Rostislav Polasek
Zdenek Coufal
Vladimira Skalnikova
Radim Brat
Miroslav Brtko
Petr Jansky
Jaroslav Li
Pavel Marcian
Zbynek Straka
Martin Tretina - Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway
Carlos Duarte
Freddy Pow Chon Long
Mayra Sanchez
Jose Lopez
Carmita Perugachi
Ricardo Marmol
Freddy Trujillo
Pablo Teran
Jaakko Tuomilehto - Department of Public Health
Marja-Leena Tuominen
Henri Tuomilehto
Ilkka Kantola
Gabriel Steg - BIO
Florence Leclercq - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier
Emile Ferrari - Hôpital Pasteur
Franck Boccara - Sorbonne Université
Emmanuel Messas - Paris Cardiovascular Research Center
Patrick Mismetti - University of Cape Town
Marie Antoinette Sevestre
Guillaume Cayla - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes
Pascal Motreff - Charmo University
Stefan Stoerk - University of Würzburg
Hans-Dirk Ge
Christoph Stellbrink
Osman Guerocak
Christoph Kadel
Ruediger Ge
Christian Tian
Hans-Friedrich Ge
Karl Appel
Bernhard Ke
Thomas Dorsel - KU Leuven
Sigrid Nikol
Harald Darius
Jurgen Ge
Sebastian Tian
Wolfgang Jungmair
Piroze Davierwala
Marc Vorpahl - Amphia Ziekenhuis
Laszlo Bajnok
Ebrahim Noori
Gabor Veress
Andras Vertes
Andras Zsary
Erno Kis
Laszlo Laszlo
Judit Bakai
Zoltán Boda - University of Debrecen
Ferenc Poor
Zoltan Jarai
Vendel Ke
John Barton - Monash University
Brendan Mcadam
Andre Murphy
Peter Crean - University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady
Niall Mahon
Ronan Curtin
Briain Macneill
Sean Dinneen
Majdi Halabi
David Zeltser
Yoav Ge
Eliezer Li
Amos Katz
Shaul Atar
Reuven Li
Eugenia Ge
Stefan Bosi
Monica Naldi
Pompilio Li
Debora Robba
Lucio Mos
Gianfranco Sinagra - University of Trieste
Franco Cosmi
Luigi Oltrona Visconti
de Matteis Carmine
Giuseppe Di Pasquale
Matteo Di Biase
Sara Mandorla
Marino Ge
Giovanni Carlo Piccinni
Michel Li
Marc Galvani
Flavio Venturi
Giorgio Morocutti
Maria Baldin
Carlo Li
Gian Piero Perna
Vincenzo Cirrincione
Takayasu Kanno
Hiroyuki Roy
Yukio Yu
Naomasa Miyamoto
Shinichi Higashiue
Hiroshi Domae
Shinobu Hosokawa
Hiroo Kobayashi
Takehiko Ke
Kenshi Ke
Kazuaki Mizutomi
Keijiro Ke
Kazuo Kimura
Yoshiharu Higuchi
Mitsunori Abe
Haruhito Okuda
Toshiyuki Yu
Teruaki Mita
Atsushi Hirayama
Haruhiko Onaka
Moriaki Inoko
Mitsugu Hirokami
Munenori Okubo
Mizuho Imamaki
Haruo Kamiya
Mamoru Manita
Toshiharu Himi
Hideki Ueno
Yuji Yu
Junya Ako
Yasuhiro Nishino
Hideo Kawakami
Yutaka Yu
Yukihiro Yu
Takahisa Yamada
Tetsuro Yoshida
Hideki Shimomura
Noriyuki Yu
Akihiko Takahashi
Khalid Yu
Wan Azman Wan Ahmad
Muhammad Radzi Abu Hassan
Sazzli Li
Aizai Azan Abdul Rahim
Dimon Mohd Zamrin
Masaharu Machida
Yorihiko Higashino
Noriaki Utsu
Akihiko Nakano - Cell Biotech
Shigeru Ge
Tetsuo Hashimoto
Kenji Ke
Tomohiro Sakamoto
F.J. Prins
Dirk Lok
Jan Ge
Eric Ge
Frank Willems - Bayer
Henk Swart
Marc Li
Rob Breedveld - Population Health Research Institute
Jan Ke
Roger Ge
Fanny Oei
Stieneke Ke
Hans Kragten
Paul Herrman
Paul Ge
Marc Gosselin
Eduard Hoekstra
Erwin Ge
Eelko Ronner
Frank den Hartog - Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research
Gerard Ge
Peter Nierop - Charles University
Coen van Der Zwaan
Jacob van Eck
Edwin van Gorselen
Bjorn Groenemeijer
Pieter Hoogslag
Robert de Groot
Aldrin Loyola
Jose Li
Nannette Rey
Maria Abola
Dante Morales
Ellen Palomares
Eva Abat
Gregorio Ge
Philip Li
Jose del Pilar
Dennis Alcaraz
Geraldine Ge
Louie Tirador
Jose Cruz
John Anonuevo - Monash University
Arthur Hu
Maria Janion
Tomasz Guzik
Grzegorz Gajos
Maciej Zabowka
Andrzej Rynkiewicz
Marlena Broncel
Andrzej Szuba - Wroclaw Research Centre EIT+
Danuta Czarnecka
Pawel Maga
Zhe Strazhesko
Zhanna Sizova
Yury Yu
Olga Barbarash
Mikhail Voevoda
Tatiana Tian
Alexey Repin
Irina Osipova
Anna Efremushkina
Nina Novikova
Oleg Averkov
Dmitry Zateyshchikov
Arkadiy Vertkin
Eva Ausheva
Saadiya Seedat
Louis van Zyl
Jan Rech
Ellen Li
Catharina Elizabeth Li
Zaid Mohamed
Adrian Horak
Thomas Mabin - KU Leuven
Eric Klug
Jan Bae
Cheolho Kim
Chong-Jin Kim
Dong-Soo Dong
Yong Jin Kim
Seungjae Joo
Jong-Won Ha
Chul Soo Hu
Jan Kim
Young-Kwon Kim
Christina Jarnert
Thomas Mooe - KU Leuven
Mikael Dellborg - Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra
Ingemar Ge
Per Albertsson
Hans Ha
Faris Li
Henri Almroth
Tommy Andersson
Emil Pantev
Bengt-Olov Tengmark
Bo Liu
Gundars Rasmanis
Carl-Magnus Wahlgren
Tiziano Moccetti - Epatocentro Ticino
Alexander Park
Vira Tseluyko
Volodymyr Volkov
Olena Koval
Lyudmyla Yu
Oleksandr Prokhorov
Henk Chen
Andriy Bazylevych - Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University
Leonid Rudenko
Vadym Vizir
Oleksandr Karpenko
Yaroslav Maly
Valentyna Koval
Bo Hu
James Cotton
Asok Atar
Andre Moriarty
Derek Connolly - McMaster University
Patrick Davey - University of Cape Town
Roxy Senior
Paul Birdi
John Calvert - Monash University
Patrick Donnelly - University of Cape Town
Per Trevelyan
Justin Carter
Aaron Peace
David Austin
Neville Kukreja
Thomas Hilton - KU Leuven
Sunny Srivastava
Ronald Walsh
Ronald Fields
Jose Ha
Edward Portnay
Harinder Ha
Abraham Sala
John Hu
Nicolas Ha
Damodhar Ha
Ricky Schneider
Paul Gurbel
Subhash Ha
Paul Grena
Noel Bedwell
Stephen Sloan
Steven Lupovitch
Anand Soni - Hamilton Health Sciences
Kathleen Gibson
Renee Li
Rajendra Mehta
Peter I-Hsuan Tsai
Gilles Gillespie
Stephen Dempsey
Glenn Ha
Robert Black - Hamilton Health Sciences
Ellis Li
John Kostis
Vera Bittner
Kelley Ke
Vinay Malhotra
Matthew Mccormick
Raluca Arimie
Alan Camp
George Ge
N. Mathew Koshy
Stephen Thew
Eric Costello
Mark Heiman
Robert Hilton
Michael Cha
Fredric Adler
Anthony Comerota
Andre Seiwert
William Li
Harvey Ha
Robert Ha
Faisal Bakaeen
Shuab Hu
Lokesh Cha
Alan Whelan
Andre Boyle
Robert Li
James Ge
Patrick Carroll - University of Cape Town
David Colquhoun
James Ha
Peter Blombery - Charles University
John Amerena - Monash University
Chris Hii
Alistair Roy
Bhuwan Hu
Jose Selvanayagam
Jan Jansen
Wingchi Lo
Christoph Ha
Rohan Ha
Ye Ha
Henri Ge
Henri Nielsen
Gunnar Gislason
Lars Køber - Karolinska Institutet
Kim Li
Bo Ke
Ulrik Dixen
Jens Refsgaard
Elisabeth Li
Peter Soegaard - Charles University
Maria Hranai
Ludovit Gaspar
Daniel Pella
Katarina Atar
Erika Ako
Ioan Coman
Doina Dimulescu
Mircea Cinteza
Crina Sinescu - Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Catalina Li
Imre Benedek - Cardiology Department [Târgu Mureș]
Bob Bobescu
Dan Dobreanu
Dan Gaita
Adrian Iancu
Adrian Li
Daniel Li
Petr Petrescu
Octavian Pirvu
Iulia Li
Dan Lo
Marc Marcian
Ovidiu Chioncel - Institutul de Urgenţă pentru Boli Cardiovasculare "Prof.Dr. C.C. Iliescu"
Publication Details: The Lancet, Vol.391(10117), pp.219-229
Identifiers: 9933871209311
Academic Unit: Recherche hors université
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article
Local Fields: hal-02043696