Résumé
Sphexicozela Mahunka (Sarcoptiformes: Astigmatina: Winterschmidtiidae) was until now represented by a single described species, S. connivens Mahunka, 1970, found in Hungary in nests of Polistes species (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae). In this study, we provide a redescription of S. connivens and describe Sphexicozela neotropica Godoy & Prado sp. nov., based on specimens collected from nests of Polistes simillimus Zikán in southeastern Brazil. This is the first record of the genus in the Neotropical region and highlights a previously undocumented association between Ensliniellinae mites and the social wasp P. simillimus.