Résumé
The article discusses the contribution of the principle of reciprocity to a socio-anthropology of rural organizations, from three approaches which mobilize this concept: the governance of commons, the solidarity economy and the theory of reciprocity. The first part presents the mobilization of reciprocity in these three approaches. The second part develops a dialogue between these three theoretical propositions, based on contemporary examples of application of the principle of reciprocity to rural organizations. The conclusion examines the limits of these theories.