Résumé
Ecological communities are subject to external perturbations such as fires, storms, pollution, and overfishing, which are increasing in magnitude and frequency due to anthropogenic impacts (Barlow et al., 2018; Jackson et al., 2001; Turner et al., 1997). Indeed, strong and frequent perturbations can lead to species extinctions and, as a consequence, to the loss of critical ecosystem services (Cardinale et al., 2012; Levin & Lubchenco, 2008).