Résumé
Background: Rickettsioses are considered as emerging or re-emerging hematophagous arthropod-borne zoonosis. In addition Meningeal syndromes are also among the most common reasons for consultation in infectious disease emergency.Objectives: Our study aimed to identify Rickettsia spp in patients presenting with Meningeal Syndrome at the National Centre of Infectious Diseases El-HADI FLICI Hospital, Nicolle-Laveran department in Algiers. Methodes: We collected 55 whole blood and 55 sera from patients with meningeal syndrome; of various ages and genders, with a mean age of 24.03 years (ranging from 2 to 50 years old). Results: The indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for Rickettsia spp returned positive results in seven sera (7/55, 12.72%). We diagnosed four cases of Spotted Mediterranean Fever (MSF) caused by R. conorii, two cases of Murine Typhus caused by R. typhi, and one case of Flea-borne Spotted Fever caused by R. felis. Concerning the spinal Tap, we reported in three patients positive for R. conorii, where cerebrospinal fluid was opalescent and mixed cellular profile on cytology. These findings suggest a possible co-infection with R. conorii in patients with meningeal syndrome.Thus, the serological findings coupled with the Meningeal syndrome, and the diverse clinical manifestations of both pathogens observed among these patients, suggest a possible overlap in clinical expression. Conclusion: These results highlight the importance of heightened awareness among infectious disease specialists, particularly when faced with confirmed cases of Meningeal Syndrome that may exhibit clinical similarities with Rickettsial diseases, especially in regions where hematophagous arthropod-borne zoonoses are prevalent.