Résumé
Anticipatory approaches are increasingly used to guide decision-making on environmental issues. A number of these approaches, particularly in the field of anticipatory governance, promote the participation of users in anticipatory thinking. Various tools are already used for this purpose. Nevertheless, most of these tools focus on the present and the future, rarely on the past. This article introduces a tool for the participatory modeling of past, current and future governance of groundwater in a territory. This tool was coupled with the Futures Triangle to foster dialog among the actors of Aousja Ghar El Melh territory in Tunisia. The tool allowed opening up dialog on what stakeholders in Aousja Ghar El Melh wanted to keep or change in past and current governance, and what future they envisioned for their territory. This article highlights the need for further methodological developments in order to be more dynamic and better integrate the three governance temporalities. Several avenues are discussed, including a dynamic presentation of the model and the use of role-playing games. This experiment also highlights the need not only to identify the different approaches to anticipatory governance at hand, but also to think ahead about how to articulate them, especially in an inter-disciplinary and multi-actor process.