Résumé
Culture of expanded mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded on biomaterials may represent a clinical alternative to autologous bone graft in bone regeneration. Foetal bovine serum (FBS) is currently used for MSC expansion, despite risks of infectious disease transmission and immunological reaction due to its xenogenic origin. This study aimed to compare the osteogenic capacities of clinical-grade human MSCs cultured with FBS or allogenic human platelet lysate (PL). In vitro, MSCs cultured in PL both accelerate the expansion rate over serial passages and spontaneously induce osteoblastic gene expression such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteopontin (Op) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). In vivo, ectopic bone formation is only observed on ceramics seeded with MSCs grown in PL medium implanted under the skin of immunodeficient mice for 7 weeks. In conclusion, allogenic human PL accelerates MSC proliferation and enhances MSC osteogenic differentiation.