Abstract
A new species of Orobanche was discovered in the Calanques National Park near Marseille, where it seems to be endemic. Its exclusive host, Staehelina dubia (Asteraceae), was never mentioned before as a host for Orobanchaceae. The new species is described here and named Orobanche staehelinae. The diagnostic characters are given in comparison with possible related species (O. kochii, O. leptantha, O. loscosii, O. canescens and O. santolinae). Its peculiar ecology (thermophilous screes, habitat of community interest) and conservation status (endangered, IUCN red list category) are presented.