Abstract
What is the strategy behind the citizen activation dynamic? Beyond a strengthening of solidarity, this study aims to present the origin and the conceptual challenges of the active welfare state. She explains how the socio-economic upheavals linked to the transition to a knowledge society have impacted the relationship between the State and its citizens. Anchored in a functionalist logic of economic and social performance aimed at maintaining its place in the battle for market share, the State seeks a point of balance between its needs for innovation and cohesion. The competitiveness of the model of society thus requires the active participation of citizens, which tends to become an obligation, including for vulnerable groups. Indeed, support towards active inclusion aims for autonomous citizen participation contributing, as much as possible, to the sustainability of the model of society. This study will be an opportunity to contextualize European social action by crossing political initiatives in the areas of solidarity, employment and innovation.