Résumé
Species of the genus Lythrum Linnaeus (1753: 446) (Lythraceae) occur in temporary pools and wetlands (Morris, 2007) with about 35 species around the world (Graham, 2007). In the Mediterranean area, there are more than 10 species that mostly occur in temporary pools (Castroviejo Bolibar et al., 1997; Tison et al. 2014). Most of the species are also present in East and Central Asia (Webb, 1968). However, some species are limited to Europe, mostly Western Europe, e.g. L. flexuosum Lagasca (1816: 16) and L. baeticum Gonzâlez-Albo (1936: 141) (Castroviejo Bolibar et al., 1997), some are limited to West Asia, e.g. L. silenoides Boissier & Noë (in Boissier 1856: 55) (Ghazanfar, 2016), while Lythrum salicaria Linnaeus (1753: 446), the loosestrife, is widely distributed in Asia, Europe, Africa, Oceania and introduced in North America. In 2017, botanical prospections in the Lower Galilee region in Israel revealed the presence of an annual plant of Lythrum for which further investigation led to the proposition of a new species named Lythrum netofa, described and illustrated in this paper