Abstract
Archaeology has a unique role to play in shaping the transition to more sustainable lifestyles. However, archaeology has so far had little impact in discussions of strategies to face major societal challenges such as how to ensure food security, adapt to climate change, and build resilient agricultural systems. This article explores the reasons for this situation, measuring the advantages and limitations of an “archaeo-inspired” approach in the field of adaptation of contemporary agriculture. The article suggests ways forward, by the engagement of archaeologists in resolutely interdisciplinary studies. The remarks are illustrated and supported by the analysis of cases from the tropics of America and Africa.