Résumé
This article describes the investment behaviour of the wine producer in the Languedoc-Roussillon Region, as a result of pollution control legislation. It is based on an in-depth study of this sector, which has been conducted in close collaboration with the Water Agency of Rhone-Mediterranee-Corse. The analysis has been conducted by mobilising three different but complementary theoretical approaches, First we have considered the neo-classic framework, in which the producer/polluter is rational and informed. Secondly, we have applied the neoinstitutional approach in order to highlight transaction costs and institutions, Finally, the evolutionary approach allows us to illustrate the problem of technological dynamics, innovation, and firm selection.