Abstract
HSR is effective between Barcelona and Perpignan since December 15, 2013, over twenty years after the Barcelona Olympics. Differentiated expectations between stakeholders on both sides of the border explain geopolitical tensions visible on the opening day of the line, between authorities from Madrid and Barcelona. However, this line is very symbolic, because the actual crossing of the Pyrenees, also allowing interconnectivity of the Franco-Spanish railway network. This paper aims at showing the actual and potential innovation in terms of coordination between stakeholders from various States for the implementation of a structuring device. In addition, there is the question of LGV as a tool for cooperation between border areas, both from the network cooperation impacts on the cooperation of "proximity". In the first part, the history and implementation of the LGV, particularly its border section between Perpignan and Barcelona, are explained. The second part returns to the concept of cross-border governance through lighting in terms of proximity. The third part analyzes the role of LGV as a tool of ‘proximities’ (in various ways) in cross-border governance.