LMC N132D: A mature supernova remnant with a power-law gamma-ray spectrum extending beyond 8 TeV

H. Abdalla; F. Aharonian; F. Ait Benkhali; E.O. Angüner; C. Arcaro; C. Armand; T. Armstrong; H. Ashkar; M. Backes; V. Baghmanyan; V. Barbosa Martins; A. Barnacka; M. Barnard; R. Batzofin; Y. Becherini; D. Berge; K. Bernlöhr; B. Bi; M. Böttcher; C. Boisson; J. Bolmont; M. de Bony de Lavergne; M. Breuhaus; R. Brose; F. Brun; P. Brun; M. Bryan; M. Büchele; T. Bulik; T. Bylund; F. Cangemi; S. Caroff; A. Carosi; S. Casanova; J. Catalano; P. Chambery; T. Chand; S. Chandra; A. Chen; G. Cotter; M. Curyło; J. Damascene Mbarubucyeye; I.D. Davids; J. Davies; C. Deil; J. Devin; L. Dirson; A. Djannati-Atai; A. Dmytriiev; A. Donath; V. Doroshenko; L. Dreyer; L.Du Plessis; C. Duffy; J. Dyks; K. Egberts; F. Eichhorn; S. Einecke; G. Emery; J.-P. Ernenwein; S. Fegan; K. Feijen; A. Fiasson; G. Fichet de Clairfontaine; G. Fontaine; F. Lott; M. Füssling; S. Funk; S. Gabici; Y.A. Gallant; G. Giavitto; L. Giunti; D. Glawion; J.F. Glicenstein; M.-H. Grondin; S. Hattingh; J. Hahn; M. Haupt; G. Hermann; J.A. Hinton; W. Hofmann; C. Hoischen; T.L. Holch; M. Holler; M. Hörbe; D. Horns; Zhiqiu Huang; D. Huber; M. Jamrozy; D. Jankowsky; F. Jankowsky; A. Jardin-Blicq; V. Joshi; I. Jung-Richardt; E. Kasai; M.A. Kastendieck; K. Katarzynski; U. Katz; D. Khangulyan; B. Khélifi; S. Klepser; W. Kluźniak; Nu. Komin; R. Konno; K. Kosack; D. Kostunin; M. Kreter; G.Kukec Mezek; A. Kundu; G. Lamanna; S.Le Stum; A. Lemière; M. Lemoine-Goumard; J.-P. Lenain; F. Leuschner; C. Levy; T. Lohse; A. Luashvili; I. Lypova; J. Mackey; J. Majumdar; D. Malyshev; V. Marandon; P. Marchegiani; A. Marcowith; A. Mares; G. Martí-Devesa; R. Marx; G. Maurin; P.J. Meintjes; M. Meyer; A. Mitchell; R. Moderski; L. Mohrmann; A. Montanari; C. Moore; P. Morris; E. Moulin; J. Muller; T. Murach; K. Nakashima; M. de Naurois; A. Nayerhoda; H. Ndiyavala; J. Niemiec; L. Oakes; B. Peyaud; Q. Piel; A. Priyana Noel; P. O'Brien; L. Oberholzer; H. Odaka; S. Ohm; L. Olivera-Nieto; E. de Ona Wilhelmi; M. Ostrowski; S. Panny; M. Panter; R.D. Parsons; G. Peron; S. Pita; V. Poireau; D.A. Prokhorov; H. Prokoph; G. Pühlhofer; M. Punch; A. Quirrenbach; S. Raab; R. Rauth; P. Reichherzer; A. Reimer; O. Reimer; Q. Remy; M. Renaud; L. Rinchiuso; B. Reville; F. Rieger; C. Romoli; G. Rowell; B. Rudak; H.Rueda Ricarte; E. Ruiz-Velasco; V. Sahakian; S. Sailer; H. Salzmann; D.A. Sanchez; A. Santangelo; M. Sasaki; M. Scalici; J. Schäfer; F. Schüssler; H.M. Schutte; U. Schwanke; M. Seglar-Arroyo; M. Senniappan; A.S. Seyffert; N. Shafi; J.N. S. Shapopi; K. Shiningayamwe; R. Simoni; A. Sinha; H. Sol; A. Specovius; S. Spencer; M. Spir-Jacob; L. Stawarz; R. Steenkamp; C. Stegmann; S. Steinmassl; C. Steppa; L. Sun; T. Takahashi; T. Tanaka; T. Tavernier; A.M. Taylor; R. Terrier; J.H. E. Thiersen; C. Thorpe-Morgan; D. Tiziani; M. Tluczykont; L. Tomankova; C. Trichard; M. Tsirou; N. Tsuji; R. Tuffs; Y. Uchiyama; D.J. van Der Walt; C. van Eldik; C. van Rensburg; B. van Soelen; G. Vasileiadis; J. Veh; C. Venter; P. Vincent; J. Vink; H.J. Völk; Z. Wadiasingh; S.J. Wagner; J. Watson; F. Werner; R. White; A. Wierzcholska; Yu Wun Wong; H. Yassin; A. Yusafzai; M. Zacharias; R. Zanin; D. Zargaryan; A.A. Zdziarski; A. Zech; S.J. Zhu; A. Zmija; J. Zorn; S. Zouari; N. Żywucka

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141486

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LMC N132D: A mature supernova remnant with a power-law gamma-ray spectrum extending beyond 8 TeV

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LMC N132D: A mature supernova remnant with a power-law gamma-ray spectrum extending beyond 8 TeV

H. Abdalla, F. Aharonian, F. Ait Benkhali, E.O. Angüner, C. Arcaro, C. Armand, T. Armstrong, H. Ashkar, M. Backes, V. Baghmanyan, …

Astron.Astrophys, Vol.655

2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202141486

Abstract

gamma rays: general

cosmic rays

ISM: supernova remnants

Context. Supernova remnants (SNRs) are commonly thought to be the dominant sources of Galactic cosmic rays up to the knee of the cosmic-ray spectrum at a few PeV. Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes have revealed young SNRs as very-high-energy (VHE, >100 GeV) gamma-ray sources, but for only a few SNRs the hadronic cosmic-ray origin of their gamma-ray emission is indisputably established. In all these cases, the gamma-ray spectra exhibit a spectral cutoff at energies much below 100 TeV and thus do not reach the PeVatron regime.Aims. The aim of this work was to achieve a firm detection for the oxygen-rich SNR LMC N132D in the VHE gamma-ray domain with an extended set of data, and to clarify the spectral characteristics and the localization of the gamma-ray emission from this exceptionally powerful gamma-ray-emitting SNR.Methods. We analyzed 252 h of High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) observations towards SNR N132D that were accumulated between December 2004 and March 2016 during a deep survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud, adding 104 h of observations to the previously published data set to ensure a > 5σ detection. To broaden the gamma-ray spectral coverage required for modeling the spectral energy distribution, an analysis of Fermi-LAT Pass 8 data was also included.Results. We unambiguously detect N132D at VHE with a significance of 5.7σ. We report the results of a detailed analysis of its spectrum and localization based on the extended H.E.S.S. data set. The joint analysis of the extended H.E.S.S and Fermi-LAT data results in a spectral energy distribution in the energy range from 1.7 GeV to 14.8 TeV, which suggests a high luminosity of N132D at GeV and TeV energies. We set a lower limit on a gamma-ray cutoff energy of 8 TeV with a confidence level of 95%. The new gamma-ray spectrum as well as multiwavelength observations of N132D when compared to physical models suggests a hadronic origin of the VHE gamma-ray emission.Conclusions. SNR N132D is a VHE gamma-ray source that shows a spectrum extending to the VHE domain without a spectral cutoff at a few TeV, unlike the younger oxygen-rich SNR Cassiopeia A. The gamma-ray emission is best explained by a dominant hadronic component formed by diffusive shock acceleration. The gamma-ray properties of N132D may be affected by an interaction with a nearby molecular cloud that partially lies inside the 95% confidence region of the source position.Key words: gamma rays: general / cosmic rays / ISM: supernova remnants

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Title: LMC N132D: A mature supernova remnant with a power-law gamma-ray spectrum extending beyond 8 TeV
Creators - without role: H. Abdalla - University of Namibia
F. Aharonian - Dublin Institute For Advanced Studies
F. Ait Benkhali - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
E.O. Angüner - Aix-Marseille Université
C. Arcaro - North-West University
C. Armand - Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules
T. Armstrong - University of Oxford
H. Ashkar - Université Paris-Saclay
M. Backes - University of Namibia
V. Baghmanyan - Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences
V. Barbosa Martins
A. Barnacka - Jagiellonian University
M. Barnard - North-West University
R. Batzofin - University of the Witwatersrand
Y. Becherini - Linnaeus University
D. Berge
K. Bernlöhr - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
B. Bi - University of Tübingen
M. Böttcher - North-West University
C. Boisson - Laboratoire Univers et Théories
J. Bolmont - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies
M. de Bony de Lavergne
M. Breuhaus - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
R. Brose - Dublin Institute For Advanced Studies
F. Brun - Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
P. Brun
M. Bryan
M. Büchele
T. Bulik - University of Warsaw
T. Bylund - Linnaeus University
F. Cangemi - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies
S. Caroff - Sorbonne Paris Cité
A. Carosi
S. Casanova - Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences
J. Catalano - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
P. Chambery - Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux
T. Chand - North-West University
S. Chandra
A. Chen - University of the Witwatersrand
G. Cotter - University of Oxford
M. Curyło - University of Warsaw
J. Damascene Mbarubucyeye
I.D. Davids - University of Namibia
J. Davies - University of Oxford
C. Deil
J. Devin - Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
L. Dirson
A. Djannati-Atai - Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie
A. Dmytriiev - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
A. Donath - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
V. Doroshenko - University of Tübingen
L. Dreyer - North-West University
L.Du Plessis
C. Duffy - University of Leicester
J. Dyks
K. Egberts - University of Potsdam
F. Eichhorn
S. Einecke - University of Adelaide
G. Emery
J.-P. Ernenwein - Aix-Marseille Université
S. Fegan - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
K. Feijen - University of Adelaide
A. Fiasson - Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules
G. Fichet de Clairfontaine - Université Paris Cité
G. Fontaine - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
F. Lott - University of Namibia
M. Füssling
S. Funk - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
S. Gabici - Université Paris Cité
Y.A. Gallant - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
G. Giavitto
L. Giunti - Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
D. Glawion - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
J.F. Glicenstein - CEA Paris-Saclay
M.-H. Grondin - Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux
S. Hattingh - North-West University
J. Hahn
M. Haupt
G. Hermann - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
J.A. Hinton - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
W. Hofmann - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
C. Hoischen - University of Potsdam
T.L. Holch
M. Holler - Universität Innsbruck
M. Hörbe - University of Oxford
D. Horns - Universität Hamburg
Zhiqiu Huang - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
D. Huber - Universität Innsbruck
M. Jamrozy - Jagiellonian University
D. Jankowsky
F. Jankowsky - Heidelberg University
A. Jardin-Blicq
V. Joshi - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
I. Jung-Richardt - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
E. Kasai - University of Namibia
M.A. Kastendieck
K. Katarzynski - Nicolaus Copernicus University
U. Katz - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
D. Khangulyan - Rikkyo University
B. Khélifi - Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie
S. Klepser
W. Kluźniak - Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center
Nu. Komin - University of the Witwatersrand
R. Konno
K. Kosack - Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
D. Kostunin
M. Kreter - North-West University
G.Kukec Mezek - Linnaeus University
A. Kundu - North-West University
G. Lamanna - Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules
S.Le Stum - Centre de physique des particules de Marseille
A. Lemière - Université Paris Cité
M. Lemoine-Goumard - Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
J.-P. Lenain - Sorbonne Paris Cité
F. Leuschner - University of Tübingen
C. Levy - Sorbonne Paris Cité
T. Lohse - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
A. Luashvili - Laboratoire Univers et Théories
I. Lypova - Heidelberg University
J. Mackey - Dublin Institute For Advanced Studies
J. Majumdar
D. Malyshev
V. Marandon - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
P. Marchegiani
A. Marcowith - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
A. Mares - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
G. Martí-Devesa - Universität Innsbruck
R. Marx - Heidelberg University
G. Maurin - Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules
P.J. Meintjes - University of the Free State
M. Meyer - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
A. Mitchell - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
R. Moderski - Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center
L. Mohrmann - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
A. Montanari - Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
C. Moore - University of Leicester
P. Morris
E. Moulin - Université Paris-Saclay
J. Muller - École Polytechnique
T. Murach
K. Nakashima - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
M. de Naurois - École Polytechnique
A. Nayerhoda - Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences
H. Ndiyavala - North-West University
J. Niemiec - Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences
L. Oakes
B. Peyaud
Q. Piel
A. Priyana Noel - Jagiellonian University
P. O'Brien
L. Oberholzer - North-West University
H. Odaka - The University of Tokyo
S. Ohm
L. Olivera-Nieto - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
E. de Ona Wilhelmi
M. Ostrowski - Jagiellonian University
S. Panny - Universität Innsbruck
M. Panter - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
R.D. Parsons - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
G. Peron - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
S. Pita - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
V. Poireau - Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules
D.A. Prokhorov
H. Prokoph
G. Pühlhofer - University of Tübingen
M. Punch - Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie
A. Quirrenbach - Heidelberg University
S. Raab
R. Rauth
P. Reichherzer - Université Paris-Saclay
A. Reimer - Universität Innsbruck
O. Reimer - Universität Innsbruck
Q. Remy - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
M. Renaud - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
L. Rinchiuso
B. Reville - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
F. Rieger - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
C. Romoli - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
G. Rowell - University of Adelaide
B. Rudak - Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center
H.Rueda Ricarte
E. Ruiz-Velasco - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
V. Sahakian - A. Alikhanyan National Laboratory
S. Sailer - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
H. Salzmann - University of Tübingen
D.A. Sanchez - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
A. Santangelo - University of Tübingen
M. Sasaki - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
M. Scalici
J. Schäfer - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
F. Schüssler
H.M. Schutte - North-West University
U. Schwanke - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
M. Seglar-Arroyo
M. Senniappan - Linnaeus University
A.S. Seyffert - North-West University
N. Shafi
J.N. S. Shapopi - University of Namibia
K. Shiningayamwe - University of Namibia
R. Simoni - University of Amsterdam
A. Sinha - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
H. Sol - Université Paris Cité
A. Specovius - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
S. Spencer - University of Oxford
M. Spir-Jacob - Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie
L. Stawarz
R. Steenkamp - University of Namibia
C. Stegmann - University of Potsdam
S. Steinmassl - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
C. Steppa - University of Potsdam
L. Sun - University of Amsterdam
T. Takahashi - The University of Tokyo
T. Tanaka - Konan University
T. Tavernier - CEA Paris-Saclay
A.M. Taylor
R. Terrier - Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie
J.H. E. Thiersen - North-West University
C. Thorpe-Morgan - University of Tübingen
D. Tiziani
M. Tluczykont - Universität Hamburg
L. Tomankova - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
C. Trichard
M. Tsirou - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
N. Tsuji - RIKEN
R. Tuffs - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
Y. Uchiyama - Rikkyo University
D.J. van Der Walt - North-West University
C. van Eldik - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
C. van Rensburg - University of Namibia
B. van Soelen - University of the Free State
G. Vasileiadis - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
J. Veh - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
C. Venter - North-West University
P. Vincent - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
J. Vink - University of Amsterdam
H.J. Völk - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
Z. Wadiasingh
S.J. Wagner - Heidelberg University
J. Watson - University of Oxford
F. Werner - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
R. White - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
A. Wierzcholska - Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences
Yu Wun Wong - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
H. Yassin - North-West University
A. Yusafzai - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
M. Zacharias - Université Paris Cité
R. Zanin - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
D. Zargaryan - Dublin Institute For Advanced Studies
A.A. Zdziarski - Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center
A. Zech - Université Paris Cité
S.J. Zhu
A. Zmija - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
J. Zorn
S. Zouari - Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie
N. Żywucka - North-West University
Publication Details: Astron.Astrophys, Vol.655
Identifiers: 9940221609311
Academic Unit: Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article
Local Fields: hal-03580207