Abstract
This article focuses on the situation, recent developments and challenges of Brazilian agriculture from a reading of the debates and interactions between its interest groups and the policies that have resulted. The approach combines a socio-historical interpretation and a political sociology of Brazilian agriculture, its main stakeholders and a dual agricultural policy institutionalization. The first part recalls the social and historical context of Brazilian agriculture and introduces some features of recent developments. The second part proposes a reading of the debates about agriculture in the state and in the Brazilian society from the positioning of the main interest groups and professional representations of farmers. The third part analyzes the specific evolution of the Brazilian agricultural policy model and its key challenges.