Résumé
Recent analysis of French wild grapevine, Vitis vinifera ssp. silvestris (Cuisset, 1998 ; This et al., 2000), has demonstrated clear differentiation between wild and cultivated compartment, but on a very small scale. Until now no global inventory of silvestris individuals was available in France. The present work aims to 1. Establish an inventory of wild grapevine in France, 2. Analyze the genetic diversity within the wild compartment and 3. Compare diversity between cultivated and wild compartments. In 2000 and 2001, we prospected several regions in France in order to identify wild grapevine. One hundred and thirty five sites were found, and 517 individuals have been recorded, among which 330 were believed to be native wild grapevines based on morphological characteristics. Out of these, 154 individuals have been further analyzed. They originate from 4 regions: Aquitaine, Corse, Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrénées. Based on morphological data, 123 of these were considered as wild grapevine. Analysis of morphological data did not revealed clear geographical differentiation of the wild individuals. On the contrary, analysis of molecular data revealed a clear differentiation between wild grapes from Corsica and from continental France, as well as a differentiation between cultivated and wild compartments. French wild genotypes are more closely related to French cultivars than to cultivars from other parts of Europe.