Abstract
The bioeconomy calls into question the methods for evaluating the performance of value chains. Traditional methods closely linked to industrial economics remain polarized by macroeconomic or intersectoral indicators. They take little account of hidden costs or social and environmental externalities. In different contexts, we observe a renewal of the methodological frameworks for analyzing the value chains to supplement the economic performance indicators with environmental and social indicators. Their objective is then to better characterize the structures likely to make economic activity, social justice, and the reduction of the footprint of human activity compatible. By compiling different case studies of agricultural, food and bioeconomic value chains, we document the nature of the environmental and social indicators referenced, the analysis tools used and the limits of their use in the context of developing countries.