Résumé
Capacitive sensors are based on the principle of capacitance and have wide applications in industrial, environmental, and biomedical fields, standing out for their cost-effectiveness and efficiency. Recently, their use as biosensors has gained relevance due to the incorporation of sensitive and selective layers that detect specific targets, such as bacteria, viruses, heavy metals, and organic pollutants. Studies demonstrate their high sensitivity, surpassing traditional methods, while also offering reduced manufacturing costs and time, making them ideal for applications in locations with limited technological facilities. Among recent technologies, capacitive sensors with interdigitated electrodes offer a larger interaction area with the analyzed medium, increasing accuracy and efficiency in biomarker detection. However, gaps in understanding their application in complex systems indicate the need for improved sensor integration strategies and in-depth investigations into their performance under variable environmental and biological conditions. This article presents a literature review on interdigitated capacitive sensors, focusing on devices applied as biosensors in liquid media. It discusses their operating principles, technological advances, and recent applications to consolidate the state of the art and identify future trends in the field, particularly in the context of sensors that can be fabricated using conventional and low-cost methods.