Résumé
This article examines how research on agriculture and agribusiness mobilizes the concept of Innovation System (IS). The literature review on IS provides an analytical framework that distinguishes the theoretical background, the scope and the social uses of this concept. Based on this framework, a bibliometric analysis on international scientific journals in innovation and agriculture reveals the existence of four knowledge communities that question differently the specific character of innovation and IS in this sector. The current challenge is to promote exchanges between these communities, particularly between the community which applies the evolutionary approach to the agri-food sector, and the epistemic community which seeks to build its own concepts emanating from rural sociology, economics of development and the farming system approach.