Résumé
Resistance occurred in Anopheles species to insecticides represents a threat for the success of malaria vector control. The impact of both long lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual sprayings (IRS) with deltamethrin on the knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation conferring cross-resistance to pyrethroids and DDT was investigated in field Anopheles gambiae populations in Danane area in western Cote d'Ivoire. The frequencies of the resistant allele at the kdr mutation L1014F locus were very low. Those frequencies increased on months 12th and 15th in mosquitoes from LLINs treated villages compared to those from untreated nets (UTNs) villages, whereas mosquitoes from IRS treated villages had showed an immediate impact with higher frequencies of the resistant allele and this was cancelled twelve months after. The "M molecular form" of An. gambiae s.s. now formally named An. coluzzii Coetzee and Wilkerson sp.n. represented 74% versus 26% of the "S molecular form" assigned the nominotypical name An. gambiae Giles. No heterozygous individual MS was found. The kdr mutation L1014F was found only in the S form, although the S and M molecular forms were sympatric in Danane area. Insecticidal pressure of LLINs on field An. gambiae in western Cote d'Ivoire was weak, but it lasted for a long time leading unavoidably to select resistant mosquitoes.