Résumé
Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is an effective method in the treatment of respiratory allergic diseases (asthma, rhinitis and conjunctivitis). In addition to reducing symptoms, AIT can alter the course of allergic disease and remains efficient long after it has been discontinued by inducing specific tolerance to the allergen. In current clinical practice, immunotherapy is administered by subcutaneous or sublingual routes. The duration of efficacy is 7 to 12 years. It can prevent the development of both asthma and sensitization to new allergens. Despite recent progresses, other approaches are needed, especially for allergies (atopic dermatitis, food allergies). The new AIT improvement approaches involve the use of adjuvants or recombinant allergies, peptides and new routes of administration.