Abstract
Although ancient authors allude to conflicts between the Greek city of Massalia (Marseille), in alliance with Roma, and the indigenous populations of Mediterranean Gaul, there is no documented evidence of any specific military operations. Employing archaeometric analysis of the basalt catapult projectiles found in Marseille and numerous Gallic sites in southern France enabled us to identify their origin near the ancient Massaliete settlement of Agathè (Agde) and the utilization of a Hellenistic unit of measurement (euboic mina). This innovative investigative method significantly contributes to our understanding of the strategic interests, interconnected politico-economic relations, and conflicts involving Massalia, Roma, and the Gallic populations of Mediterranean Gaul during the last centuries BC.