High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emission From Solar Flares: Summary of Fermi LAT Detections and Analysis of Two M-Class Flares

M. Ackermann; M. Ajello; A. Albert; A. Allafort; L. Baldini; G. Barbiellini; D. Bastieri; K. Bechtol; R. Bellazzini; E. Bissaldi; E. Bonamente; E. Bottacini; A. Bouvier; T. J. Brandt; J. Bregeon; M. Brigida; Pascal Bruel; R. Buehler; S. Buson; G. A. Caliandro; R. A. Cameron; P. A. Caraveo; C. Cecchi; E. Charles; A. Chekhtman; J. Chiang; G. Chiaro; S. Ciprini; R. Claus; J. Cohen-Tanugi; J. Conrad; F. d'Ammando; A. de Angelis; F. de Palma; C. D. Dermer; S. W. Digel; L. Di Venere; E. Do Couto e Silva; P. S. Drell; A. Drlica-Wagner; C. Favuzzi; S. J. Fegan; W. B. Focke; A. Franckowiak; Y. Fukazawa; F. Gargano; D. Gasparrini; S. Germani; N. Giglietto; F. Giordano; M. Giroletti; T. Glanzman; G. Godfrey; J. E. Grove; S. Guiriec; D. Hadasch; M. Hayashida; E. Hays; D. Horan; Y. Inoue; M. S. Jackson; T. Jogler; T. Kamae; T. Kawano; M. Kuss; J. Lande; S. Larsson; L. Latronico; M. Lemoine-Goumard; F. Longo; F. Loparco; M. N. Lovellette; P. Lubrano; M. Mayer; M. N. Mazziotta; P. F. Michelson; T. Mizuno; A. A. Moiseev; C. Monte; M. E. Monzani; E. Moretti; A. Morselli; I. V. Moskalenko; S. Murgia; R. Murphy; R. Nemmen; M. Ohno; A. Okumura; N. Omodei; M. Orienti; E. Orlando; J. F. Ormes; D. Paneque; J. H. Panetta; J. S. Perkins; M. Pesce-Rollins; V. Petrosian; F. Piron; G. Pivato; T. A. Porter; M. Razzano; C. Sgro; G. Spandre; P. Spinelli; H. Takahashi; Y. Takeuchi; Y. Tanaka; J. G. Thayer; J. B. Thayer; D. J. Thompson; L. Tibaldo; M. Tinivella; G. Tosti; E. Troja; V. Tronconi; J. Vandenbroucke; V. Vasileiou; G. Vianello; V. Vitale; M. Werner; K. S. Wood; M. Wood; Z. Yang

doi:10.1088/0004-637X/787/1/15

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High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emission From Solar Flares: Summary of Fermi LAT Detections and Analysis of Two M-Class Flares

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High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emission From Solar Flares: Summary of Fermi LAT Detections and Analysis of Two M-Class Flares

M. Ackermann, M. Ajello, A. Albert, A. Allafort, L. Baldini, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, K. Bechtol, R. Bellazzini, E. Bissaldi, …

The Astrophysical Journal, Vol.787

2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/787/1/15

Résumé

We present the detections of 19 solar flares detected in high-energy gamma rays (above 100 MeV) with the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) during its first four years of operation. Interestingly, all flares are associated with fairly fast Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) and are not all powerful X-ray flares. We then describe the detailed temporal, spatial and spectral characteristics of the first two long-lasting events: the 2011 March 7 flare, a moderate (M3.7) impulsive flare followed by slowly varying gamma-ray emission over 13 hours, and the 2011 June 7 M2.5 flare, which was followed by gamma-ray emission lasting for 2 hours. We compare the Fermi-LAT data with X-ray and proton data measurements from GOES and RHESSI. We argue that a hadronic origin of the gamma rays is more likely than a leptonic origin and find that the energy spectrum of the proton distribution softens after the 2011 March 7 flare, favoring a scenario with continuous acceleration at the flare site. This work suggests that proton acceleration in solar flares is more common than previously thought, occurring for even modest X-ray flares, and for longer durations.

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Titre: High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emission From Solar Flares: Summary of Fermi LAT Detections and Analysis of Two M-Class Flares
Créateurs - sans rôle: M. Ackermann - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
M. Ajello - University of California, Berkeley
A. Albert - The Ohio State University
A. Allafort - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
L. Baldini - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
G. Barbiellini - University of Trieste
D. Bastieri - INFN Sezione di Padova
K. Bechtol - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
R. Bellazzini - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
E. Bissaldi - Universität Innsbruck
E. Bonamente - University of Perugia
E. Bottacini - SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
A. Bouvier - University of California, Santa Cruz
T. J. Brandt - Goddard Space Flight Center
J. Bregeon - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
M. Brigida - Polytechnic University of Bari
Pascal Bruel - École Polytechnique
R. Buehler - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
S. Buson - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
G. A. Caliandro - Institute of Space Sciences
R. A. Cameron - Stanford University
P. A. Caraveo - Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Milano
C. Cecchi - University of Perugia
E. Charles - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
A. Chekhtman - George Mason University
J. Chiang - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
G. Chiaro - University of Padua
S. Ciprini - Astronomical Observatory of Rome
R. Claus - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
J. Cohen-Tanugi - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
J. Conrad - Stockholm University
F. d'Ammando
A. de Angelis - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste
F. de Palma - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
C. D. Dermer - United States Naval Research Laboratory
S. W. Digel - Stanford University
L. Di Venere - SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
E. Do Couto e Silva
P. S. Drell - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
A. Drlica-Wagner - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
C. Favuzzi - Polytechnic University of Bari
S. J. Fegan - École Polytechnique
W. B. Focke - SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
A. Franckowiak - SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Y. Fukazawa - Hiroshima University
F. Gargano - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
D. Gasparrini - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
S. Germani - University of Perugia
N. Giglietto - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
F. Giordano - Polytechnic University of Bari
M. Giroletti - Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna
T. Glanzman - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
G. Godfrey - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
J. E. Grove - United States Naval Research Laboratory
S. Guiriec - Goddard Space Flight Center
D. Hadasch - Institute of Space Sciences
M. Hayashida - Kyoto University
E. Hays - Goddard Space Flight Center
D. Horan - École Polytechnique
Y. Inoue - Stanford University
M. S. Jackson - KTH Royal Institute of Technology
T. Jogler - Stanford University
T. Kamae - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
T. Kawano - Hiroshima University
M. Kuss - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
J. Lande - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
S. Larsson - AlbaNova
L. Latronico - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino
M. Lemoine-Goumard - Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux
F. Longo - University of Trieste
F. Loparco - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
M. N. Lovellette - United States Naval Research Laboratory
P. Lubrano - University of Perugia
M. Mayer - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
M. N. Mazziotta - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
P. F. Michelson - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
T. Mizuno - Hiroshima University
A. A. Moiseev - Goddard Space Flight Center
C. Monte - Polytechnic University of Bari
M. E. Monzani - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
E. Moretti - Fraunhofer Chalmers Research Centre for Industrial Mathematics
A. Morselli - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Roma Tor Vergata
I. V. Moskalenko - Stanford University
S. Murgia - SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
R. Murphy - United States Naval Research Laboratory
R. Nemmen - Goddard Space Flight Center
M. Ohno - Institute of Space and Astronautical Science
A. Okumura
N. Omodei
M. Orienti
E. Orlando
J. F. Ormes
D. Paneque
J. H. Panetta
J. S. Perkins
M. Pesce-Rollins
V. Petrosian
F. Piron - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
G. Pivato
T. A. Porter
M. Razzano
C. Sgro
G. Spandre
P. Spinelli
H. Takahashi
Y. Takeuchi
Y. Tanaka
J. G. Thayer
J. B. Thayer
D. J. Thompson
L. Tibaldo
M. Tinivella
G. Tosti
E. Troja
V. Tronconi
J. Vandenbroucke
V. Vasileiou - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
G. Vianello
V. Vitale
M. Werner
K. S. Wood
M. Wood
Z. Yang
Détails de publication: The Astrophysical Journal, Vol.787
Identifiants: 99161047609311
Unité académique: Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
Langue: English
Type de ressource: Journal article
Champs locaux: in2p3-01016748