Résumé
Spontaneous hemoperitoneum is a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency that may be life threatening. Clinical examination remains poorly specific with isolated acute abdominal pain sometimes associated with blood loss signs. Imaging examinations allow performing positive diagnosis. Non-traumatic hemoperitoneum has many underlying causes classified in gynecologic, hepatic, splenic, vascular or blood dyscrasias diseases. Radiologists must recognize such causal conditions in order to lead in adequate management. The aim of this review is to describe both the manifestations of hemoperitoneum in US, CT and MRI, and the spectrum of causal disease with key clinical and radiological features. (C) 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.