Résumé
On the purpose to study the genetic ecotoxicology of Sarotherodon melanotheron, the degree of contamination due to two micropollutants (Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and Polybrominateddiphenyl ethers (PBDE)) on seven sites (Foundiougne, Kaolack, Missirah, Koular, HannBay and Niayes (1 and 2) was evaluated. Seven systems (ADH, AAT, IDHP, MDH, PGM, GPI and EST) were analyzed through the technical of enzymatic electrophoresis. The specimens and sediments used for the proportioning pollutants were sampled into 2009.The analysis of indicator PCBs was carried out by gaseous chromatography coupled to a detector with capture of electrons (GC-DCE).-The analysis of the PBDE, was done by gaseous chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry high resolution (GC-MSHR). Highest concentrations of pollutants PCBs (19 ng/g) and PBDE (5 ng/g) were observed in Hann Bay. The analysis of allelic variability revealed an adaptive polymorphism at locus EST-14 and PGM at S. m. heudelotii; PGM at S. m. paludinosus. The presence of allele EST-14*110 in Hann Bay and weakest frequencies particularly of allele PGM*105 in populations of disturbed zones suggest her implication in the response to the undergone environmental stress. A negative correlation was observed between locus EST-14 and PBDE. The fast alleles from this locus (EST-14*110) could be selected against in populations living in contaminated environment.