Résumé
Emergence of human immunodeficiency viruses HIV-1 and HIV-2 results from interspecies transmission from simian viruses SIV. SlVcpzPtt infecting chimpanzees, and from which the HIV-1 (subgroups M and N) is derived is still found in the Pan troglodytes troglodytes population of south Cameroon chimpanzees. The ancestor of HIV-1 group 0, is found in the Gorilla residing in Western Africa, but chimpanzees are in fact the initial reservoir of the SIV viruses SIVgor, and it is still unclear whether the group 0 HIV-1 has been trasmitted to humans by gorillas and/or chimpanzees. At least eight interspecies transmissions between and humans implicating SIVsmm (from sooty mangabey monkeys) have occured, corresponding to the eight VIH-2 groups. Since habits of hunting and meat preparation in the bush still persistently expose humans in Africa to SIV infection, new interspecies transmission of these viruses remains a possibility.