Gaia Early Data Release 3. The celestial reference frame (Gaia-CRF3)

S. A. Klioner; L. Lindegren; F. Mignard; J. Hernández; M. Ramos-Lerate; U. Bastian; M. Biermann; A. Bombrun; A. de Torres; E. Gerlach; R. Geyer; T. Hilger; D. Hobbs; U. L. Lammers; P. J. Mcmillan; H. Steidelmüller; D. Teyssier; C. M. Raiteri; S. Bartolomé; M. Bernet; J. Castañeda; M. Clotet; M. Davidson; C. Fabricius; N. Garralda Torres; J. J. González-Vidal; J. Portell; N. Rowell; F. Torra; J. Torra; A. G. A. Brown; A. Vallenari; T. Prusti; J. H. J. de Bruijne; F. Arenou; C. Babusiaux; O. L. Creevey; C. Ducourant; D. W. Evans; L. Eyer; R. Guerra; A. Hutton; C. Jordi; X. Luri; C. Panem; D. Pourbaix; S. Randich; P. Sartoretti; C. Soubiran; P. Tanga; N. A. Walton; C. A. L. Bailer-Jones; R. Drimmel; F. Jansen; D. Katz; M. G. Lattanzi; F. van Leeuwen; J. Bakker; C. Cacciari; F. de Angeli; M. Fouesneau; Y. Frémat; L. Galluccio; A. Guerrier; U. Heiter; E. Masana; R. Messineo; N. Mowlavi; C. Nicolas; K. Nienartowicz; F. Pailler; P. Panuzzo; F. Riclet; W. Roux; G. M. Seabroke; R. Sordo; F. Thévenin; G. Gracia-Abril; M. Altmann; R. Andrae; M. Audard; I. Bellas-Velidis; K. Benson; J. Berthier; R. Blomme; P. W. Burgess; D. Busonero; G. Busso; H. Cánovas; B. Carry; A. Cellino; N. Cheek; G. Clementini; Y. Damerdji; P. de Teodoro; M. Nuñez Campos; L. Delchambre; A. Dell'Oro; P. Esquej; J. Fernández-Hernández; E. Fraile; D. Garabato; P. García-Lario; E. Gosset; R. Haigron; J. -L. Halbwachs; N. C. Hambly; D. L. Harrison; D. Hestroffer; S. T. Hodgkin; B. Holl; K. Janßen; G. Jevardat de Fombelle; S. Jordan; A. Krone-Martins; A. C. Lanzafame; W. Löffler; O. Marchal; P. M. Marrese; A. Moitinho; K. Muinonen; P. Osborne; E. Pancino; T. Pauwels; A. Recio-Blanco; C. Reylé; M. Riello; L. Rimoldini; T. Roegiers; J. Rybizki; L. M. Sarro; C. Siopis; M. Smith; A. Sozzetti; E. Utrilla; M. van Leeuwen; U. Abbas; P. Ábrahám; A. Abreu Aramburu; C. Aerts; J. J. Aguado; M. Ajaj; F. Aldea-Montero; G. Altavilla; M. A. Álvarez; J. Alves; R. I. Anderson; E. Anglada Varela; T. Antoja; D. Baines; S. G. Baker; L. Balaguer-Núñez; E. Balbinot; Z. Balog; C. Barache; D. Barbato; M. Barros; M. A. Barstow; J. -L. Bassilana; N. Bauchet; U. Becciani; M. Bellazzini; A. Berihuete; S. Bertone; L. Bianchi; A. Binnenfeld; S. Blanco-Cuaresma; T. Boch; D. Bossini; S. Bouquillon; A. Bragaglia; L. Bramante; E. Breedt; A. Bressan; N. Brouillet; E. Brugaletta; B. Bucciarelli; A. Burlacu; A. G. Butkevich; R. Buzzi; E. Caffau; R. Cancelliere; T. Cantat-Gaudin; R. Carballo; T. Carlucci; M. I. Carnerero; J. M. Carrasco; L. Casamiquela; M. Castellani; A. Castro-Ginard; L. Chaoul; P. Charlot; L. Chemin; V. Chiaramida; A. Chiavassa; N. Chornay; G. Comoretto; G. Contursi; W. J. Cooper; T. Cornez; S. Cowell; F. Crifo; M. Cropper; M. Crosta; C. Crowley; C. Dafonte; A. Dapergolas; P. David; P. de Laverny; F. de Luise; R. de March; J. de Ridder; R. de Souza; E. F. del Peloso; E. del Pozo; M. Delbo; A. Delgado; J. -B. Delisle; C. Demouchy; T. E. Dharmawardena; S. Diakite; C. Diener; E. Distefano; C. Dolding; H. Enke; C. Fabre; M. Fabrizio; S. Faigler; G. Fedorets; P. Fernique; A. Fienga; F. Figueras; Y. Fournier; C. Fouron; F. Fragkoudi; M. Gai; A. Garcia-Gutierrez; M. Garcia-Reinaldos; M. García-Torres; A. Garofalo; A. Gavel; P. Gavras; P. Giacobbe; G. Gilmore; S. Girona; G. Giuffrida; R. Gomel; A. Gomez; J. González-Núñez; I. González-Santamaría; M. Granvik; P. Guillout; J. Guiraud; R. Gutiérrez-Sánchez; L. P. Guy; D. Hatzidimitriou; M. Hauser; M. Haywood; A. Helmer; A. Helmi; M. H. Sarmiento; S. L. Hidalgo; N. Hładczuk; G. Holland; H. E. Huckle; K. Jardine; G. Jasniewicz; A. Jean-Antoine Piccolo; Ó. Jiménez-Arranz; J. Juaristi Campillo; F. Julbe; L. Karbevska; P. Kervella; S. Khanna; G. Kordopatis; A. J. Korn; Á. Kóspál; Z. Kostrzewa-Rutkowska; K. Kruszyńska; M. Kun; P. Laizeau; S. Lambert; A. F. Lanza; Y. Lasne; J. -F. Le Campion; Y. Lebreton; T. Lebzelter; S. Leccia; N. Leclerc; I. Lecoeur-Taibi; S. Liao; E. L. Licata; H. E. P. Lindstrøm; T. A. Lister; E. Livanou; A. Lobel; A. Lorca; C. Loup; P. Madrero Pardo; A. Magdaleno Romeo; S. Managau; R. G. Mann; M. Manteiga; J. M. Marchant; M. Marconi; J. Marcos; M. M. S. Marcos Santos; D. Marín Pina; S. Marinoni; F. Marocco; D. J. Marshall; L. Martin Polo; J. M. Martín-Fleitas; G. Marton; N. Mary; A. Masip; D. Massari; A. Mastrobuono-Battisti; T. Mazeh; S. Messina; D. Michalik; N. R. Millar; A. Mints; D. Molina; R. Molinaro; L. Molnár; G. Monari; M. Monguió; P. Montegriffo; A. Montero; R. Mor; A. Mora; R. Morbidelli; T. Morel; D. Morris; T. Muraveva; C. P. Murphy; I. Musella; Z. Nagy; L. Noval; F. Ocaña; A. Ogden; C. Ordenovic; J. O. Osinde; C. Pagani; I. Pagano; L. Palaversa; P. A. Palicio; L. Pallas-Quintela; A. Panahi; S. Payne-Wardenaar; X. Peñalosa Esteller; A. Penttilä; B. Pichon; A. M. Piersimoni; F. -X. Pineau; E. Plachy; G. Plum; E. Poggio; A. Prša; L. Pulone; E. Racero; S. Ragaini; M. Rainer; N. Rambaux; P. Ramos; P. Re Fiorentin; S. Regibo; P. J. Richards; C. Rios Diaz; V. Ripepi; A. Riva; H. -W. Rix; G. Rixon; N. Robichon; A. C. Robin; C. Robin; M. Roelens; H. R. O. Rogues; L. Rohrbasser; M. Romero-Gómez; F. Royer; D. Ruz Mieres; K. A. Rybicki; G. Sadowski; A. Sáez Núñez; A. Sagristà Sellés; J. Sahlmann; E. Salguero; N. Samaras; V. Sanchez Gimenez; N. Sanna; R. Santoveña; M. Sarasso; M. Schultheis; E. Sciacca; M. Segol; J. C. Segovia; D. Ségransan; D. Semeux; S. Shahaf; H. I. Siddiqui; A. Siebert; L. Siltala; A. Silvelo; E. Slezak; I. Slezak; R. L. Smart; O. N. Snaith; E. Solano; F. Solitro; D. Souami; J. Souchay; A. Spagna; L. Spina; F. Spoto; I. A. Steele; C. A. Stephenson; M. Süveges; J. Surdej; L. Szabados; E. Szegedi-Elek; F. Taris; M. B. Taylor; R. Teixeira; L. Tolomei; N. Tonello; G. Torralba Elipe; M. Trabucchi; A. T. Tsounis; C. Turon; A. Ulla; N. Unger; M. V. Vaillant; E. van Dillen; W. van Reeven; O. Vanel; A. Vecchiato; Y. Viala; D. Vicente; S. Voutsinas; M. Weiler; T. Wevers; Ł. Wyrzykowski; A. Yoldas; P. Yvard; H. Zhao; J. Zorec; S. Zucker; T. Zwitter

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243483

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Gaia Early Data Release 3. The celestial reference frame (Gaia-CRF3)

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Gaia Early Data Release 3. The celestial reference frame (Gaia-CRF3)

S. A. Klioner, L. Lindegren, F. Mignard, J. Hernández, M. Ramos-Lerate, U. Bastian, M. Biermann, A. Bombrun, A. de Torres, E. Gerlach, …

Astronomy & Astrophysics - A&A, Vol.667

2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202243483

PMID: 2073102

Abstract

astrometry

reference systems

proper motions

catalogs

quasars: general

Context. Gaia-CRF3 is the celestial reference frame for positions and proper motions in the third release of data from the Gaia mission, Gaia DR3 (and for the early third release, Gaia EDR3, which contains identical astrometric results). The reference frame is defined by the positions and proper motions at epoch 2016.0 for a specific set of extragalactic sources in the (E)DR3 catalogue. Aims: We describe the construction of Gaia-CRF3 and its properties in terms of the distributions in magnitude, colour, and astrometric quality. Methods: Compact extragalactic sources in Gaia DR3 were identified by positional cross-matching with 17 external catalogues of quasi-stellar objects (QSO) and active galactic nuclei (AGN), followed by astrometric filtering designed to remove stellar contaminants. Selecting a clean sample was favoured over including a higher number of extragalactic sources. For the final sample, the random and systematic errors in the proper motions are analysed, as well as the radio-optical offsets in position for sources in the third realisation of the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF3). Results: Gaia-CRF3 comprises about 1.6 million QSO-like sources, of which 1.2 million have five-parameter astrometric solutions in Gaia DR3 and 0.4 million have six-parameter solutions. The sources span the magnitude range G = 13-21 with a peak density at 20.6 mag, at which the typical positional uncertainty is about 1 mas. The proper motions show systematic errors on the level of 12 µas yr-1 on angular scales greater than 15 deg. For the 3142 optical counterparts of ICRF3 sources in the S/X frequency bands, the median offset from the radio positions is about 0.5 mas, but it exceeds 4 mas in either coordinate for 127 sources. We outline the future of Gaia-CRF in the next Gaia data releases. Appendices give further details on the external catalogues used, how to extract information about the Gaia-CRF3 sources, potential (Galactic) confusion sources, and the estimation of the spin and orientation of an astrometric solution.

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Title: Gaia Early Data Release 3. The celestial reference frame (Gaia-CRF3)
Creators - without role: S. A. Klioner - TU Dresden
L. Lindegren - Lund University
F. Mignard - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
J. Hernández - European Space Astronomy Centre
M. Ramos-Lerate - European Space Astronomy Centre
U. Bastian - Heidelberg University
M. Biermann - Heidelberg University
A. Bombrun - European Space Astronomy Centre
A. de Torres - European Space Astronomy Centre
E. Gerlach - TU Dresden
R. Geyer - TU Dresden
T. Hilger - TU Dresden
D. Hobbs - Lund University
U. L. Lammers - European Space Astronomy Centre
P. J. Mcmillan - Lund University
H. Steidelmüller - TU Dresden
D. Teyssier - European Space Astronomy Centre
C. M. Raiteri - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
S. Bartolomé - Universitat de Barcelona
M. Bernet - Universitat de Barcelona
J. Castañeda - Universitat de Barcelona
M. Clotet - Universitat de Barcelona
M. Davidson - Institute for Astronomy [Edinburgh]
C. Fabricius - Universitat de Barcelona
N. Garralda Torres - European Space Astronomy Centre
J. J. González-Vidal - Universitat de Barcelona
J. Portell - Universitat de Barcelona
N. Rowell - University of Edinburgh
F. Torra - Universitat de Barcelona
J. Torra - Universitat de Barcelona
A. G. A. Brown - Leiden University
A. Vallenari - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
T. Prusti - European Space Research and Technology Centre
J. H. J. de Bruijne - European Space Research and Technology Centre
F. Arenou - Observatoire de Paris
C. Babusiaux - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
O. L. Creevey - Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur
C. Ducourant - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux
D. W. Evans - University of Cambridge
L. Eyer - University of Geneva
R. Guerra - European Space Astronomy Centre
A. Hutton - European Space Astronomy Centre
C. Jordi - Universitat de Barcelona
X. Luri - Universitat de Barcelona
C. Panem - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
D. Pourbaix - Université Libre de Bruxelles
S. Randich - Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory
P. Sartoretti - Observatoire de Paris
C. Soubiran - Université de Bordeaux
P. Tanga - Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur
N. A. Walton - University of Cambridge
C. A. L. Bailer-Jones - Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
R. Drimmel - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
F. Jansen - European Space Research and Technology Centre
D. Katz - Observatoire de Paris
M. G. Lattanzi - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
F. van Leeuwen - University of Cambridge
J. Bakker - European Space Astronomy Centre
C. Cacciari - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio
F. de Angeli - University of Cambridge
M. Fouesneau - Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
Y. Frémat - Royal Observatory of Belgium
L. Galluccio - Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur
A. Guerrier - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
U. Heiter - Uppsala University
E. Masana - Universitat de Barcelona
R. Messineo - Aerospace Logistics Technology Engineering Company [ALTEC]
N. Mowlavi - University of Geneva
C. Nicolas - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
K. Nienartowicz - University of Geneva
F. Pailler - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
P. Panuzzo - Observatoire de Paris
F. Riclet - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
W. Roux - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
G. M. Seabroke - University College London
R. Sordo - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
F. Thévenin - Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur
G. Gracia-Abril - European Space Astronomy Centre
M. Altmann - Heidelberg University
R. Andrae - Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
M. Audard - University of Geneva
I. Bellas-Velidis - National Observatory of Athens
K. Benson - University College London
J. Berthier - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
R. Blomme - Royal Observatory of Belgium
P. W. Burgess - University of Cambridge
D. Busonero - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
G. Busso - University of Cambridge
H. Cánovas - European Space Astronomy Centre
B. Carry - Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur
A. Cellino - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
N. Cheek - European Space Astronomy Centre
G. Clementini - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio
Y. Damerdji - University of Liège
P. de Teodoro - European Space Astronomy Centre
M. Nuñez Campos
L. Delchambre - University of Liège
A. Dell'Oro
P. Esquej - European Space Astronomy Centre
J. Fernández-Hernández - European Space Astronomy Centre
E. Fraile - European Space Astronomy Centre
D. Garabato - Universidade da Coruña
P. García-Lario - European Space Astronomy Centre
E. Gosset - Fund for Scientific Research
R. Haigron - Observatoire de Paris
J. -L. Halbwachs - Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg
N. C. Hambly - Royal Observatory
D. L. Harrison - University of Cambridge
D. Hestroffer - Université de Lille
S. T. Hodgkin - University of Cambridge
B. Holl - University of Geneva
K. Janßen - Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam
G. Jevardat de Fombelle
S. Jordan - Heidelberg University
A. Krone-Martins - University of California, Irvine
A. C. Lanzafame - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania
W. Löffler - Heidelberg University
O. Marchal - Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg
P. M. Marrese - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
A. Moitinho - University of Lisbon
K. Muinonen - University of Helsinki
P. Osborne - University of Cambridge
E. Pancino - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
T. Pauwels - Royal Observatory of Belgium
A. Recio-Blanco - Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur
C. Reylé - Institut UTINAM
M. Riello - University of Cambridge
L. Rimoldini - University of Geneva
T. Roegiers - European Space Research and Technology Centre
J. Rybizki - Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
L. M. Sarro - National University of Distance Education
C. Siopis - Université Libre de Bruxelles
M. Smith - University College London
A. Sozzetti - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
E. Utrilla - European Space Astronomy Centre
M. van Leeuwen - University of Cambridge
U. Abbas - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
P. Ábrahám - Konkoly Observatory
A. Abreu Aramburu
C. Aerts - KU Leuven
J. J. Aguado - National University of Distance Education
M. Ajaj - Observatoire de Paris
F. Aldea-Montero - European Space Astronomy Centre
G. Altavilla - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
M. A. Álvarez - Universidade da Coruña
J. Alves - University of Vienna
R. I. Anderson - École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
E. Anglada Varela
T. Antoja - Universitat de Barcelona
D. Baines - European Space Astronomy Centre
S. G. Baker - University College London
L. Balaguer-Núñez - Universitat de Barcelona
E. Balbinot - University of Groningen
Z. Balog - Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
C. Barache - Systèmes de Référence Temps-Espace
D. Barbato - University of Geneva
M. Barros - University of Lisbon
M. A. Barstow - University of Leicester
J. -L. Bassilana - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
N. Bauchet - Observatoire de Paris
U. Becciani - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania
M. Bellazzini - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio
A. Berihuete - Universidad de Cádiz
S. Bertone - Goddard Space Flight Center
L. Bianchi - Eurix
A. Binnenfeld - Tel Aviv University
S. Blanco-Cuaresma - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
T. Boch - Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg
D. Bossini - Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences
S. Bouquillon - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
A. Bragaglia - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio
L. Bramante
E. Breedt - University of Cambridge
A. Bressan - Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati
N. Brouillet - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
E. Brugaletta - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania
B. Bucciarelli - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
A. Burlacu - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
A. G. Butkevich - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
R. Buzzi - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
E. Caffau - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
R. Cancelliere - University of Turin
T. Cantat-Gaudin - Universitat de Barcelona
R. Carballo - Universidad de Cantabria
T. Carlucci - Sorbonne Université
M. I. Carnerero - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
J. M. Carrasco - Universitat de Barcelona
L. Casamiquela - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux
M. Castellani - Astronomical Observatory of Rome
A. Castro-Ginard - Leiden University
L. Chaoul - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
P. Charlot - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux
L. Chemin - University of Antofagasta
V. Chiaramida
A. Chiavassa - Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur
N. Chornay - University of Cambridge
G. Comoretto - European Space Astronomy Centre
G. Contursi - Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur
W. J. Cooper - University of Hertfordshire
T. Cornez - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
S. Cowell - University of Cambridge
F. Crifo - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
M. Cropper - University College London
M. Crosta - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
C. Crowley - European Space Astronomy Centre
C. Dafonte - Universidade da Coruña
A. Dapergolas - National Observatory of Athens
P. David - Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Éphémérides
P. de Laverny - Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur
F. de Luise - Collurania Teramo Observatory
R. de March
J. de Ridder - KU Leuven
R. de Souza - Universidade de São Paulo
E. F. del Peloso - Heidelberg University
E. del Pozo - European Space Astronomy Centre
M. Delbo - Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur
A. Delgado - European Space Astronomy Centre
J. -B. Delisle - University of Geneva
C. Demouchy - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
T. E. Dharmawardena - Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
S. Diakite - Université de franche-comté
C. Diener - University of Cambridge
E. Distefano - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania
C. Dolding - University College London
H. Enke - Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam
C. Fabre - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
M. Fabrizio - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
S. Faigler - Tel Aviv University
G. Fedorets - University of Helsinki
P. Fernique - Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg
A. Fienga - Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Éphémérides
F. Figueras - Universitat de Barcelona
Y. Fournier - Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam
C. Fouron - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
F. Fragkoudi - European Southern Observatory
M. Gai - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
A. Garcia-Gutierrez - Universitat de Barcelona
M. Garcia-Reinaldos - European Space Astronomy Centre
M. García-Torres - Universidad Pablo de Olavide
A. Garofalo - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio
A. Gavel - Uppsala University
P. Gavras - European Space Astronomy Centre
P. Giacobbe - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
G. Gilmore - University of Cambridge
S. Girona - Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
G. Giuffrida - Astronomical Observatory of Rome
R. Gomel - Tel Aviv University
A. Gomez - Universidade da Coruña
J. González-Núñez - Universidade de Vigo
I. González-Santamaría - Universidade da Coruña
M. Granvik - Luleå University of Technology
P. Guillout - Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg
J. Guiraud - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
R. Gutiérrez-Sánchez
L. P. Guy - University of Geneva
D. Hatzidimitriou - National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
M. Hauser - TRUMPF
M. Haywood - Observatoire de Paris
A. Helmer - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
A. Helmi - University of Groningen
M. H. Sarmiento - European Space Astronomy Centre
S. L. Hidalgo - Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
N. Hładczuk - European Space Astronomy Centre
G. Holland - University of Cambridge
H. E. Huckle - University College London
K. Jardine
G. Jasniewicz - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
A. Jean-Antoine Piccolo - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
Ó. Jiménez-Arranz - Universitat de Barcelona
J. Juaristi Campillo
F. Julbe - Universitat de Barcelona
L. Karbevska - University of Geneva
P. Kervella - Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique
S. Khanna - University of Groningen
G. Kordopatis - Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur
A. J. Korn - Uppsala University
Á. Kóspál - Konkoly Observatory
Z. Kostrzewa-Rutkowska - Leiden University
K. Kruszyńska - University of Warsaw
M. Kun - Konkoly Observatory
P. Laizeau - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
S. Lambert - Sorbonne Université
A. F. Lanza - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania
Y. Lasne - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
J. -F. Le Campion - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux
Y. Lebreton - Université Paris Cité
T. Lebzelter - University of Vienna
S. Leccia - Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte
N. Leclerc - Observatoire de Paris
I. Lecoeur-Taibi
S. Liao - University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
E. L. Licata - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
H. E. P. Lindstrøm - DXC Technology
T. A. Lister - Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network
E. Livanou - National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
A. Lobel - Royal Observatory of Belgium
A. Lorca - European Space Astronomy Centre
C. Loup - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
P. Madrero Pardo
A. Magdaleno Romeo - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
S. Managau - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
R. G. Mann - Royal Observatory
M. Manteiga - Universidade da Coruña
J. M. Marchant - Liverpool John Moores University
M. Marconi - Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte
J. Marcos
M. M. S. Marcos Santos - European Space Astronomy Centre
D. Marín Pina
S. Marinoni - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
F. Marocco - Infrared Processing and Analysis Center
D. J. Marshall - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
L. Martin Polo - European Space Astronomy Centre
J. M. Martín-Fleitas
G. Marton - Konkoly Observatory
N. Mary - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
A. Masip - Universitat de Barcelona
D. Massari - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio
A. Mastrobuono-Battisti - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
T. Mazeh - Tel Aviv University
S. Messina - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania
D. Michalik - European Space Research and Technology Centre
N. R. Millar - University of Cambridge
A. Mints - Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam
D. Molina - Universitat de Barcelona
R. Molinaro - Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte
L. Molnár - Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences
G. Monari - Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg
M. Monguió - Universitat de Barcelona
P. Montegriffo - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio
A. Montero - European Space Astronomy Centre
R. Mor - European Space Astronomy Centre
A. Mora - European Space Astronomy Centre
R. Morbidelli - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
T. Morel - University of Liège
D. Morris - University of Edinburgh
T. Muraveva - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio
C. P. Murphy - European Space Astronomy Centre
I. Musella - Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte
Z. Nagy - Konkoly Observatory
L. Noval - Thales
F. Ocaña - Universidad Complutense de Madrid
A. Ogden - University of Cambridge
C. Ordenovic - Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur
J. O. Osinde - European Space Astronomy Centre
C. Pagani - University of Leicester
I. Pagano - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania
L. Palaversa - Rudjer Boskovic Institute
P. A. Palicio - Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur
L. Pallas-Quintela - Universidade da Coruña
A. Panahi - Tel Aviv University
S. Payne-Wardenaar - Heidelberg University
X. Peñalosa Esteller
A. Penttilä - University of Helsinki
B. Pichon - Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur
A. M. Piersimoni - Collurania Teramo Observatory
F. -X. Pineau - Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg
E. Plachy - Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences
G. Plum - Observatoire de Paris
E. Poggio - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
A. Prša - Villanova University
L. Pulone - Astronomical Observatory of Rome
E. Racero - Universidad Complutense de Madrid
S. Ragaini - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio
M. Rainer - Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory
N. Rambaux - Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Éphémérides
P. Ramos - Universitat de Barcelona
P. Re Fiorentin
S. Regibo - KU Leuven
P. J. Richards - Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
C. Rios Diaz - European Space Astronomy Centre
V. Ripepi - Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte
A. Riva - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
H. -W. Rix - Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
G. Rixon - University of Cambridge
N. Robichon - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
A. C. Robin - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
C. Robin
M. Roelens - University of Geneva
H. R. O. Rogues - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
L. Rohrbasser - University of Geneva
M. Romero-Gómez - Universitat de Barcelona
F. Royer - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
D. Ruz Mieres
K. A. Rybicki - University of Warsaw
G. Sadowski - Université Libre de Bruxelles
A. Sáez Núñez
A. Sagristà Sellés
J. Sahlmann - European Space Astronomy Centre
E. Salguero - European Space Astronomy Centre
N. Samaras - Czech Academy of Sciences, Astronomical Institute
V. Sanchez Gimenez
N. Sanna - Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory
R. Santoveña - Universidade da Coruña
M. Sarasso - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
M. Schultheis - Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur
E. Sciacca
M. Segol - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
J. C. Segovia - European Space Astronomy Centre
D. Ségransan - University of Geneva
D. Semeux - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
S. Shahaf - Weizmann Institute of Science
H. I. Siddiqui - Princeton University
A. Siebert - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
L. Siltala - University of Helsinki
A. Silvelo - Universidade da Coruña
E. Slezak - Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur
I. Slezak - Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur
R. L. Smart - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
O. N. Snaith - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
E. Solano - Centro de Astrobiología
F. Solitro
D. Souami - Université Paris Cité
J. Souchay - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
A. Spagna - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
L. Spina - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
F. Spoto - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
I. A. Steele - Liverpool John Moores University
C. A. Stephenson - European Space Astronomy Centre
M. Süveges - University of Geneva
J. Surdej - Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
L. Szabados - Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences
E. Szegedi-Elek - Konkoly Observatory
F. Taris - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
M. B. Taylor - University of Bristol
R. Teixeira - Universidade de São Paulo
L. Tolomei
N. Tonello - Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
G. Torralba Elipe
M. Trabucchi - University of Geneva
A. T. Tsounis - European Organization for Nuclear Research
C. Turon - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
A. Ulla - Universidade de Vigo
N. Unger - University of Geneva
M. V. Vaillant - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
E. van Dillen - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
W. van Reeven - Association of Universities For Research In Astronomy
O. Vanel - Observatoire de Paris
A. Vecchiato - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
Y. Viala - Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique et Instrumentation
D. Vicente - Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
S. Voutsinas - University of Edinburgh
M. Weiler - Universitat de Barcelona
T. Wevers - European Southern Observatory
Ł. Wyrzykowski - University of Warsaw
A. Yoldas - University of Cambridge
P. Yvard - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
H. Zhao - Université Côte d'Azur
J. Zorec - Sorbonne Université
S. Zucker - Tel Aviv University
T. Zwitter - University of Ljubljana
Publication Details: Astronomy & Astrophysics - A&A, Vol.667
Identifiers: 9934061609311
Academic Unit: Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article
Local Fields: insu-03874800